HomeMy WebLinkAbout2008 Ordinance No. 004•
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ORD INANCE NO . 1/
SE RIES OF 200 8 --
BY AU Tl-1 RITY
COUNC IL BILL NO .
INTRODUCED BY OUNC IL
MEMBE R MOORE
AN ORDIN ANCE AMENDING TITL E 7, CHAPT ER 6A. SECTION 4, OF THE
ENGLEWOOD MUN ICIPAL CO DE 2000 PERTAI NING TO HARA SSM ENT.
WHEREAS . thi s sect ion of the Engle\\'ood Municipal Code has not been updat ed si nce 1985: and
WH EREAS, the current ord inance limit s the effectivene ss of prosec utin g ir.Jividuals engaged in
ac ts of Domes ti c Violen ce specificall y when the suspcct"s ac ti ons do not meet th e de finiti on of an
assa ult , or mena cing nor do they involve th e use of a telep hone ; and
\VHEREA S, th e current Harassment ordinance docs 110 1 take im o account th e use of compu ters,
persona l data ass istant s and other electroni c conununication devi ces and th eir app licati on which can
be used to se nd harassing me ssages to others ; and
WHEREAS , th e pa ss age of the proposed Ord inance wo uld clarify and great ly enhan ce the abi lity
to properly prosecute domest ic vio lence cases where the underl ying fa cts ind ica te harassm ent or
stalking by an offen der; and
WHEREAS , the pa ssage of thi s proposed Ordin ance wi ll update the Ci ty's Hara ss ment Ordi nan ce
and adop t porti ons of'the Co lora do Revi sed Statutes to clarify and strengthen the City's pro hibi tions
regarding Ha rass ment and Stalkin g:
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDA INED BY TH E CITY COU NCIL OF THE CITY OF
ENGLEWOOD, COLO RADO . AS FOLLOWS :
Section I. The City Co uncil of th e Cit y of Englewood, Co lorad o hereb y autn ori zes
amending Titl e 7, Chapter 6A, Section 4. of the Englewood Muni cipal Code 2000. to rea d as fo ll ows:
7-6 A-4 : Harass men t.
A. It shall Be t:1nle ·Ail f :lf a J3ers0 11 , ith iment te hara ss, eHHB~• or elBA'R anether ~erso tt , te:
A Perso n co nunitslmras.smem if wi th intent to haras.s►rulllOY.Jll.i\larm.nnruhcr nerson hc_m
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Initi ates co mmuni ca ti on with a person, anonymously or oth erwi se. by tel ep hone,
~nu.tcr.s.oum.utcrnetwork gr co muul cr svs te.m in a manner intended to hara ss or
threa ten bodil y injury or propcny damage, or mi1k es any co nunent. request. suggesti on.
or proposa l by telephone comoutcr co mPut cr network or comouter svstcm which is
obsc ene ; or
2. Makes a 1cle pho11c ca ll or cau ses a teleph one 10 ring repeatedly, wh ether or not a
co nversa ti on ensues. with no purpose of le gi tima te conversmi on: or
9 b ii
3. Repeatedly insult ~. taun t§. or cha ll engcs..JlLlllnke s communicati ons in offea sivclv
~~ another in a manner like ly to provoke a vio le nt or disorder ly
rc spo nst":-,;,..QI
i. Strikes shuwJtl.ch or oth eoYise touche s a nerson or subiects him or her 19 obv sical
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ii Io a nublic alace direct s obscene larurua¥e or makes an ohrun.e..resture to or at another
ru:rum;.Jl.[
~ Follows a oecson in gr about a nublic Pince
B. I. As used in thi s Sec tio n. unl ess th e cont ex t oth erw ise req uires. "obsc ene" mea ns a
patentl y offensive desc ripti on of ulti mate sex ual ac ts or so li cita ti on to commit ultimate
sex ual acts, whether or not sa id ult ima te sex ual ac ts are nonna l or perve rt ed, uc tual or
simul ated, includin g masturbati on, cunnil ingus, fell atio, anilingu s, or exc retory
fu nc ti ons.
2. Any ac t proh ibited by fo rego ing subparagra phs Al and A2 of thi s Sec ti on may be
deemed to ha ve occ urred or to have been commi tt ed at the pl ac e at whi ch th e teleph one
ca ll or comou ter comouter network or comnuter svs1em was &MMF made or rece ived.
C. ~ ~ A pe,s oo oolfllftits ha,o ss ment ey stoll aog if swoh peFSon : A.l2£ww
commits stalking if direct Ix or indirect lv throu gh another nerson such Perso n know ingl y·
I. Makes a credibl e threa t to anoth er person and , in co nn ect ion with such threat ,
repea ted ly re 110 •s 11ta1 peFse R ap proac hes contacts or Places under suo:eill nnce that
oerson ;i member of that Perso n's imm ediate fam i!v or someone with whom that
Person has or hos had a cont inuin g re lations hio; or
2. Makes a cred ible threa t to another pe rson and. in connecti on with such threa t,
repea tedl y makes any fonn of communi cati on with that perso n. ilJ1JSmber of that
oerson's immed iate familv or someone wi th whom tha t Person bas or bas had a
continuin g relationshi p revnrd less pf whether or not a co nversatio n ensues.
la Reoea ted lx fo llows aooma ches contacts Places under suaei llance or mokes anv
fonn of communica ti on with another Person a member of that Pcrsoo·s immediate
fumilv cc someone with whom that Person bas or has.had a cominuing relationshio in
a moaner tha1 wou ld cause a reasoonble uersoo IP suffer serious emotiona l distre.ss..
For oumoses of this Subsection J a victim need not show th at he or she received
orofessional treatment or cgunselin s to show that he or she suffered a serious
emotiona l distress
il& Fm the Purnoses of this Subsection J·
i. Conduct "in cggnec tj on wjth" A credjb le threa t means ge ts wh jch further
advance oromote or have a co min ui tv of ouowse and max occur before
durin g or after the credible threa t"
., ii. ~Credi ble Threa(. P th,oe t 1het • ewld ••••• e ,e ese neelo pe FSe r te be in
fe ar foF the perse R's life eF se fet ). Means a threat ohxsical action or
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTS • Bill fo r an Ordinance
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I>, iii.
f£1lCru.c.<LW!duc1 that would.c.nuseu r~o so nnh le person m beiulc.or (o.rJllc
n.e rson ·5 safetv or the safc tv of his or her immediate fomi lv or so meone with
whom 1hm ncrso n ha s or hatlrnd a continu inv re lationshio Such ducat need
not b,. direc t Iv ex oressed if the JPlalil Y of th e condttelliillllclc.au5.y1
reaso nable oerso n such fear
::Ren.en ted" or .. Repeated ly~-: GQn more than one oc ca sion .
.;. \11u~n a ·io leti oA ~m der s1.1 Bs eetie R C eftli is ~ee li oA is e01M1ined in eo 1t1,e e1i en ·ith a
ielali eR efa Cel!fl e,ae,, ia elsdiRg, est Ret li,ni 1ed 10. &Ry re slrninin g e,aer er &R )
order that set s i:e,~A the eondit ie ns efe bond , en ~ se n1 e1rn e im13 es ed ~e r st:1 eli ·ieloti en
sl all FOO eo nseo~u i •ely end e at eo neun=ently ·ith nfl~· senten ce imp os ed in eh1din g enr
'""1teR eo iR,p es ed in • oe RIOR!pl p,eeoeding re, ·iele1i en ef 1I • Ca m• e,d.,. ~l01 hin g in
tlti s pem gmp h 3 shell•• BB RSIA1ed 10 ehe, a, di,niRi sh 1he inherent ••lherit y ef1ho
Ce uR ta en le re e it s ardors 1lu eugh ei ii er eritH in al ea ntem 13 1 pr aee eding s.
Sectio n 2. Safetv Clauses . The Ci1 y Co uncil hereby fi nds, determi nes , and decla res that thi s
Ordinance is pro mul ga ted under th e genera l poli ce powe r of the City of Englewood, lh at ii is
,irom ul ga1 ed for the healt h, safet y, and wel fa re of 1he public , and tha t 1his Ordin ance is necess ary
fo r 1he pre se rvat ion o f health and sa fety and fo r 1hc pro tccli on of publi c co nvenience and
welfa re. The Ci ly Co unci l funher de1cnn in es th at th e Ordin ance bears a ra tional relation to th e
proper legisla 1ive obj eel sough! 10 be ob1ained.
Sec ti on 3. Scvera bili1 y. If any cl ause. sent ence, paragraph, or pan of 1hi s Ordinance or 1h e
appli ca ti on thereo f to any person or circ umstances shall fo r an y reaso n be adj udged by a co un of
comp etent juri sdict ion in va lid, such jud gment shall not affe ct. imp air or in vnlida te the re main de r
of th is Ordin ance or its app lica tion to other persons or circums tance s.
Section 4. In co nsis tent Ordin ances. All oth er Ordin ll nces or porti ons thereof inc onsistent or
co,1m cting with thi s Ordinance or any port ion he reof arc hereby repea led to the exten t of such
inconsistency or conflict.
Sec tion 5. EITecl of repea l or modi fi ca tio n. The repea l or modifi ca ti on of any provision of
the Code of th e Ci 1y of Englewood by thi s Ord inance shall not re lea se. cXl in b'll is h, alt er, modify,
or change in wh ole or in pan any pen alt y, fo rfeiture. or li ab ilit y, either civ il or crimina l. whic h
shall have been inc urred unde r such pro visio n, and eac h prov ision shall be treated and held as
still remai ning 111 fo rce fo r th e purpos es of sustain in g an y and all proper acti ons. suit s,
proceedi ngs, and pro sec uti on s fo r th e enfo rcemen t of th e pe nalt y. for feitur e, or li abilit y, as we ll
as fo r the purpose of sustai ning any judgment , decree-, or orde r whi ch can or may be rend ered ,
entered. or made in such ac1i ons. sui1s. proc eedi ngs, or pro secut ions.
Sec1ion 6. Penalt y. The Pena lt y Pro vision of Secli on 1-4-1 EMC shall appl y to eac h and
every violat ion of th is Ordin ance .
Introduced, read in full , an d passed on fir st read ing on th e 7th day of Janu ary , 200 8 .
Published as a Bi ll for an Ordinance on the I Ith da y of January. 2008.
Read by titl e and pa ssed on final reading on the 22nd da y of Janua ri•, 20 08.
Publi shed by title as Ordin ance No.£., Series of 2008 , on the 25• day of Jan ua ry. 2008.
I, Loucrishia A. Ellis, City Clerk of the City of Englewood , Co lorado , hereby cenify that the
above and foregoing is , 9ue copy of the Ordinance passed on fin reading and published by
title as Ordinance No. ::t:._, Series of 2008.
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COUNCIL COMMUNICATION
Date : I Agenda Item: I Subject :
Janu ary 7, ~008 11 a ii Amendmen t of 7-6A-4 H aras •. nent
Initiated By: Staff Source :
City Att orn ey -Prosecu ti on Duga n Comer, Pr osec ut or and
D an Brotzm an, City Attorney
COUNCIL GOAL AND PREVIOUS COUNCIL ACTION
Th e curren t Harassment O rdina nce was last amended in 1985. No othe r Coun ci l ac tion has
occurred rega rdin g th e c urren t Ordin an ce since th at time.
RECOMMENDED ACTION
Rec omrT"ndat ion to adopt a Bill for an Ordinance J uth o rizing th e amendmen t of Title 7, Chap ter
6A, SuLsec tion 4 of th e Engl ewood Muni cipa l Code 2000 p erta ining to H aras sm ent to bring tile
City's ord inan ce in line with State Statutes .
BACKGROUND, ANALYSIS, AND ALTERNATIVES IDENTIFIED
Th e current O rdinance limits th e effecti ve ness of prosec uting individuals engag ed in acts of
D omes ti c Vi olence. Specifi ca ll y when th e act does not ar ise to an assau lt, menac in g or under th e
current O rdin ance th e us e of a telephone. During a trial th e defe ndant was charged with
hara ss m ent w h ere th e defend an t p oure d a drink ove r the victim's hea d whi le th e victim was at th ~
hos pital, and ho ld ing th e couples newborn . Sin ce th e vic tim was n ot stru ck, nor felt p ain , as sault
was not appropriate, nor was th e victim threa tened by th e defendant, and menacing c ould not b e
charged. Thi s l eft har>rnnent as th e on ly charge, an d th e City was unab le to p rove that th e vic tim
would have ac t ed in a vrolent or disord er ly man ner due to th e fa ct that the vic tim was h oldin g th e
newborn .
In addition, th e c urrent Ordinance does n ot tak e into account th e use of comput ers, p erso nal data
ass istan ts, and oth er elec t; oni c com muni ca ti on devices and th eir app lication whic h ca n be us ed to
se nd ha rassing messag es to oth ers.
Th e current Ci ty O rdi nance Is limi ted in its scope, and th e am endments would narrow and sp ecify
prohib it ed b ehavior, es p eciall 1• in the are na of Domes tic Vi olence cases.
Ther e are no alt ern atives identifi ed.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
No fin ancia l impact to th e Ci ty is co ntempl ated.
UST OF ATTACHMENTS
Stat e Statut e -CRS 18-9-111
Bi ll for an O rdi nan ce
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T ith: 18 p:tft! 677 Offcir,es Ac:t im,1 Puhli c Pr ace.
Onkr~ :m<.I Dece ncy
18-9-1 11
(~) Nu pcr:-un ,ll:111. by an y :1c1 ur in trus ion into th e chambe r or other :ucas dc,;1gn:11c d
rm the t1 \c rf ,my exec utive body or oni crnl at or in ·my public bui ldi ng. v. il lft dl y im pe de.
d1~rupt. or h1mlcr the norm:11 procc.:din gs or such body or onicial.
(6) No pcr,;on. al nc or in w ncc r1 with anot her. shall pid:c1 in sid e any buildin g m
wh ich the chamhcrs . gall eri es. or offi ces or the ge ne ral asse mbl y. or ei th er hou se thereo f. :11 c
lm::11ed. or 111 whi ch the lcg 1slativc office or any 111cmbc1· l)r the ge nera l as;,cmb ly is loca1cd .
01 in "hich :i kg1slnt i\-c hearing or !llccti ng is hcin g or is 10 be co ndu cted.
(7) TI 1c 1e11n "pu bli c building··. as 1,,;ed in thi s sec ti on. includes any premi se~ bei ng
1cmp01~1rily used by a pu blic offic er or emp loyee in th e d isc h:irgc or hi s offi cial dl•t•:-s.
(8 ) Any perso n wh o vio lat es an y of lhc provisions or thi s scc 1ion ccmnniis n c.l uss 2
111isdcm r:.a nor.
Source : L. 7 1: R&RE . p. 469. § I. C.R.S. I%J : § 40 -9-ll t L. 73: p. 68 3. § 2 .
L. ~<i: (I) amen ded, p. 77 1. § 12. cfrcclivc July I.
Cross n•rerc nt·cs: For obs1ruc1ing government operations. sec § Is. • l02 .
AN 1OTATION
1\m, Jur.2d. See 75 Am Jur.2d. Tres pass,
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18-9-11 I . liurassn1~n1 -sta lki 11g. (\) A perso n commits haras,;mc nt ir. wi1h in1 cnt to
hara ss. :mnoy, or alarm ano ther perso n, ht or she:
{a) S1rikc". shoves, kic ks. or otherwise 1ouc hcs n perso n or subj ec ts him to phy sic al
con1 :1ct : r
{h) In a pu , :ic r lace dircc1s olm.:c nc lan gua ge or mak es ;m obsce ne gt:~tm·e 10 or :1 1
anot hL•r 1x·rson· or
(c) Foll ows n perso n i11 or :1b ou t a pub lic place : or
(dJ Rcpca lctl.
(c) It111 m1es comm11111 ca ti o11 with n pe rso n, an<mymously or ol hcrwi sc by lc lcp honc ,
cn 111p1ucr. co mput er network . ur compu ter sys tem in a mmm cr int end ed 10 harass or 1hre:11e 11
hodi ly inju ry m prnrl'rt y clama~c·. 111 makes any co• 1mc111. rcqne st su£gcs ti on. or prupnsa l
hy 1ckph11m:. rnmpu 1cr. computer nc 1work, or cmnpu tc1 sy:,.rc111 1ha1 is oh:,i:cnc: or
f f) 1V\,1kc\ a tclt:phorn: c:111 or ca u,;cs a tdcph nnc 10 rin g rcpc:11 cd ly, \\ hc1hi.:r or 1101 a
1,;nrwc1-.,;111011 em11c,;;, with uo purpose or lcgi limat c co 11 vcrs:111un; nr
!~) Ma ke._ 1cpc:,11.:d co 111111u 111 catiu 11s al im:un\Pclli cnt hours that mva dc 1hc priva cy o r
:mothn :ind 111 1c1fr1c in 1hc use mid cnj oy 111e111 of :11101hc1',_ hu111c 111 prh•:ll c rc ~id cncc or
other p11v;,ic prn pcny: or
th) Rcpca tcd l) 111:-.u h\, taunt :,., d1;1llc11gLs, 111 m:,k c5 co 1111111111ic:11ion,lli m offt·ns1vcly
cuar\t' !;111gu:1gc 10. atltlthc r in a umn11e r likl'l/ 11 1 provo ke n violent ur tli :.0 1dc rl y res ponse.
11 51 A,; n~J m lh i:t i;cc ti on. un lc::s !h e c-11 111 cx t 01herwi sc requires, "oh!-itc ne " 111c1111s
1 pa lcntly otTc nsi\e dc~rn p1i u11 or ult imnlc :-.cx ual acts or so li ci 1atio11 to co mmi t ul!in1:11c
ex ual ru:1s. wheth er cir 11Cll s:1id ult imate ~c:,;,unl acls arc norma l or pcr\Pc ll cll , ac lu:t l 0 1
\mmlat cd, includi ng maM mha1io n. c111111 ihn t:;11s, folltuiu, ani ling us, or c,c:rctoiy fun ction s.
(2) Hma -.-.mc11 1 pu 1~u:1111 tu subs e..:1io 11 (I) or thi,;; ,;cct ion j,. :i c\:1ss 3 111i!<ide n11.::111or:
c~cc pl th nl hara ,;,;111c111 u a class I mi sckmcmmr if !he offender commlls hnrnss mc111
pun,tmnt In ,;11h,cc t11111 (I) or 1his scc1io n with 1he in 1c111 to i111imidn 1c 01 harn.llis ano ther
1)1.;rs1;11 l1cc.:au-.r or thut per~o n's ac:111:i l or perceive d mcc, co lor. re ligion. ancc,try. o r
n,111011.il 0111;1 11
(.1J 1\n) ;1c1 proh ihllcd hy parn grn ph (c) nf suhscc uon (\) or 1h1c; ,;cc 1in11 m:i.y be dee med
lo hn\i." occu ncd or to ha ve hccn comrnille cl al the pince at \\hk h !h e tc k phonc call.
cll'tl111111l' mail. 01 mhcr 1:h.:L1ro 111c co 1111n uni ca 1io11 wa~ c11her made OI rccc 1wtl
(.1, 1a) The f!l'ncra l a~-.emh ly hc 1cby fimh, nnd dcd;1rc~ that ~t1ll..111g 1i.. :1 ~e 11 011/..
p10hlcn1 111 lhi-. \l.11c :ind n:111u11w11.lc. Alihoug h -.1:i lkin g of1cn 111\ulvc-. J>Cl',011 \ \\ho huvc
h ul 111111111 111;1 11: 1clat 11111..,J up wnh nnc :111n 1h1·1. 111·:111 ali,o 1n v11l\'c pc1-.n u, ,,hu h,1\'c hll lc or -
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18-9-1 11 Crimit 1al Code Ti1l e I 8 · pugd78
no pa ,;;t re lution shi p. A sta lker will of1en 1111,intni n strong. um,hakab lc, an d irrmiona l
cmot ionnl feelings for his or her vic tim, 11nd mly likew ise be li eve th at th e victim eit her
rclu rn s 1hesc fee ling!i of nffec ll on or will do so if !he stn lkc1 is pe rsis tcnl enough. Furt her,
the stal ker often mai ntain s thi s hc li cf. despite a tri vi:;I or nonexi stent basis fo r ii nnd des pit e •
rcjec 1ion, lack of rcc iprocntion, efforts to restri ct or Jvoid th e swlk cr, and 0 1hcr fa cts thnt
confl ict wi th thi s be li ef. A Mu lkcr mny olso devc lopjcal,usy and nni mosily fo r perso ns who
are in rc lnlio nsh ips with the vic tim , in cludin g fam il y ml.rn bcrs , empl oyers and co-work ers.
and fr iend s, perce iving them 11s obs111cles or as threats w the srn lkcr's ow n "relati ons.hip "
with the vic1im . Beca use stu lkin g invo lves highl y inupp rti)rintc intensity, 1x:rs istence, nnd
possessivene ss , it enrn il s grcn t unpredictubili ty und crcau.:~ grcn t stress und fc ur fo r lh e
vic tim. Stnlking inv olves se vere int rus ions on the vi ctim 's J)l'.rsonnl pr ivacy and 1.1u1onomy,
v,ith nn imm edi ate nnd long-las tin g impact on qu nlil y of lire a•; we ll os ris ks to sccuri ly ~nd
safety of lh c vict im nnd pe rsons close to the victi m, even in ti:~ nb:.cnc e of CX JJfCS."i threa ts
of ph ysical lmrm . The ge neral ass embly hereby recog nizes the Sl',riou sness posed by i.lalking
and ndopts the prov isions of this subst-ct ion (4 ) nnd sub secti om (5) nn J (6) of thi s sec ti on
\\oith the goal of encourag in g and aut noriz.i ng effecti ve int erven ti on be fo re sta lki ng ca n
escu lote in1 0 be hav ior th at has even more se riou s consequ ences.
(b) A person comm its stalk in g if di rec tly, or indi rec tl y throu11h another perso n, such
person know in gly:
(I) Mukes ii credi ble threat to another perso n and, in connec ,ion with such 1hrea t,
repeated ly foll ows, npproac hes, cont acts, or places und er surve ill ance that pe rson, a
membe r of th at pe rs on's immedi ate fa mil y, or someo ne wit h whom thut pe rson hns or has
hnd 11 con1inu in g relati ons hip ; or
(10 Makes a credible th reat to an other persori and, in con nec tion wi th such th reat,
repeatedl y makes any fo nn of communi cati on wi th th at persou , a member of thu t pe rson's
immcdinte fil mily, or someone wilh whom th at perso ~ has or has hnd a con1i nuing
rela ti onship, regardless of wheth er n co nversation ensue:., .l\
(Ill) Re peated ly fo ll ows, approac hes, contacts, pl aces 111, !r surve ill an ce, or makes nny
fonn of co mmu nica ti on with anoth er person, a member of that person 's immedin te fa mily,
or someone wi th whom th at pe rso n has or has had a continuin g rel at ionshi p in a mann er that
wou ld cause a re asonabl e person to suffer serio us emotion al distress and docs cnu se th at
person, a me mber of tha t pe rson 's imm ediate fa mil y, or someon e with whom that pe rson
has or has had a continuin g rela tionship to suff,:r "Jeri ous emotional dis tress. For purposes •
of this subparagrap h (lll), n vict im need r it show th at he or she rece ived pro fess ional
treatment or counse ling to show that he 01 she suffered serious emoti onal distress .
(c) For th e pu rpo ses of this subsection (4):
(I) Conduct "in connecti on with " a cred ibl e th reat mea ns .i.cts whi ch further, artvmu.:e,
prom ote, or have a continuity of purpose , nnd may occur before , c!uri ng, or after th e ,;rcdible
th reat;
(11) "Credibl e th reat" means c threat, physical ac tion, ur rc peatr-d conduct thnt woul d
cau se a reaso nable perso n to be in fear for the pe rson's safety or 1hc safety of his or her
im medi ate fam ily or of someone with whom th e person has or has hud a conl in uin g
rel ati onship. Such threat need not be directl y ex pressed if the totality of lhe co nduct would
cause a reasonable person such fea r.
(111) "lm med inte fa mil y" includes the person's spo use nnd th e perso n's pare nt , gra nd•
pa rcnl , siblin g, or child; and
(JV) "Repeated" or "repeatedly" menns on more thnn one occas ion.
(5) Wh ere n person co mm its st11lki ng under porng raph (b) of subsec ti on (4) of this
sec tio n, the fo ll owi ng shall apply :
(a) A person comm it s a clnss 5 felony fo r a fi rs t offen se.
(a.5) For n sec ond or sub sequ ent offen se, if such offense occu rs withi n sev en years of
the date of a pri or offe nse for whi ch such perso n was con vic1ed, th e offe nder comm its a
class 4 fel ony.
(a .7) S1nlkin g is nn ex1rnord i1111ry risk cri me th nl is subjec t to th e modifi ed presum pti ve
sent encin g ru nge specified in sectio n 18•1.3-40 1 (10).
(b) If, at the time of the offen se , th ere was a lempo rary or pc nn:ment protec ti on order,
inj unctio n, or co nditi on of bo nd, probalio n, or parole or any other co ufl order in effect
Tnle 18'-"'ra!!e 678
' m,hnl.::ihlc. and irrat1 <111.1 I
eve 1ha1 1hc v1c111n either
K'rsis tcrll enough . Funhcr,
en~~is for 11 and des pite
.al 1d other fn cls tt::11
aui ty for person!. w1
:mployers and co-worl,e:, ...
lker's own "rclat iom,hip"
inten sity. persi stence. and
:m stresi. and fear fur the
nal pri vacy and auton omy,
,ell m, rish 10 sec urity and
absence or express 1hrc:11s
'iousncss po sed by Stiilki ng
(5) and (6) of thi s sec tion
!nt io n before i:talking ca n
I,
ough another perso n, such
nncc ti on wi th suc h threm,
urvcillnn ce tha t pe rso n. a
hom thnt perso n has or has
nnect ion wi1h such th rcn l,
a member of that person's
or ha.Ii had a co nti nuing
· surve ill ance, or mak es any
person's imm ed iate fami ly,
clatio nship in o mnnn er 1hn1
lir•ress n11d docs cause that
Jne wi th whom that perso n
iona l di stress. For purposes
r sl.eivcd profc ssion:.11
s e nal di s1n:ss.
1cts whic h further . :1dvancc ,
durin g, or af1er th e cred ib le
epeated co nduct that wo uh.l
, or the safe ty of hi s or her
is or ha s had a cont inui ng
JIU!ity of th e co ndu ct wou ld
I th e perso n's parent , gr:m cl -
e occas ion.
b) of subsec ti on (4) of 1hi s
x:c urs withi n seven ycms of
ted. the offender co mmits a
In 1he modifi ed 1>rcsumptivc
•
Tit le 18 -pa ge {179 0ffcmes Ag;un'-l Puhli c 1•e:1cc. 18-9-t t I
Order, and Ot'cc ncy
:ig:um t such pcr,;,o n prohib11111 g th e beha vior dci.cnhcd in para graph (bJ ci f ,;;ul, 1cm {-l) of
thi s ,;;cc tio n. such pcr,;;o n comm its a class 4 fe lony. In addit ion. when :1 vi \, nmn under
sub sec 1ion (-1 ) of 1hi!-sec ti on is cm nmi tt ed m co nn ec titm with r1 viol :111011 01 , ..:nun ord~r.
includin g bu l 1101 lh11 i1ccl to an)' protl'c ti on ord er or any order thu1 r-.t tli fort h 11•1' ,•,,hti nns
of a bond. any sc nl cncc im posed frn such , io lution pu rs uant to 1hi i. li uhlicc ti on (51 qJJI run
co nscc u1 ivcl y and not co ncurrently wi th an y se nl ence im po~ed pm sunnt to i;ec uon 18-6-
803.5 and wit h uny se nt ence im posed in :1 co nt em pt procee din g fur violat im, of th e co urt
order. Nothin g in lhi s p:1rngr.t ph (b) shull be con stni ed to aher or dimi ni sh the inh erent
au1h ori ty of th e r.:o urt 10 enfo rce it s orders thro ugh ci,•il or criminal con tc 1np1 proceedi ngs:
however, befo re a crimi nal co nt empt procee din g is heard befo re th e cou rt , 11ot icc of lhe
proceedin gs shall be prov id ed to the distric 1 :ittomcy fo r th e di ~ari c1 of the co un where 1hc
proc eedin gs are 10 be hcnrd and th e di i;tri c1 all orn cy for lhc dii.trict of th e r.:ou n where the
ull eged act of cri mina l co ntempt occurred . 171e di i;tri ct m1 orn cy fur ei ther chstrict :-.hull be
all owed to :1 ppc11r :111<.I :ugue for the impo si ti on of cu n1 c111p1 sa m:1io ns.
(6) A pence offi ce r sh:1 II lwv e :1 dut y to respond as soon ns rc:irnnably poss ib le IO a
repon of st:1 ikin g :ind IO coo pcrnlc wi th th e all eged vic tim in inv c~tig:tli ng such repo rt .
So urce: L. 71: R&RE, p. 469, § I. C.R.S. 1963: § 40-9-111. L. 76: ( I )(c) R&RE :mtl
( l.5) ,ddetl. p. 56 1, §§ I, 2, effec tive Ma y 2 1. L. 81: ( I )(c) ame nde d, p. 98 1. § 6, cffocti vc
May 13 . L. 90: ( l)(tl ) repeal ed, p. 926. § 11 , effecti ve March 27 . L . 92: (2) ::m ended anti
(4) to (6) added. p. 4 13, § I, effec ti ve Jul y I. L. 93 : (5)(aJ amended anti (5)(a.5) add ed , p.
1703 , § I, effect iv e July I. L. 94: IP(I ). ( l )(g), and ( I )(h) am ended . p. 1463, § 3, effec tive
Jul y I : 14) :md (5) amended, p. 20 I 8, § I , e!Tec tivc July I : (5)(b) amended, p. 17 I 9, § 14,
effective Jul y I. L. 95: (5) amend ed, p. 1258, § 26, c!Tccti ve Jul y I. L. 97: (4)(b)(l)
ame nd ed, p. 1540, § 4, c!Tcctive Jul y I. L. 99: (2), (4), and (5) amended, pp. 795, 792,
§§ 4, I, effec tive Ju ly I. l.. 2000: (l)(e) ond (3) amended, p. 693, § 4, effec tive Jul y I.
L. 2003: (5)(b) amended. p. 10 14. § 23, effectiv e July I. L. 2004: (5)(a.7) add ed, p. 636,
§ 11, effec ti ve Augu st 4.
Edit or's note: Amendme nts to subsec tion (S) in House Bill 94 -1045 a11d House Dill 94 •11 26 w~re
harmo ni zed .
Cn1ss referen ces: For pro\•isio ns conccrni ns har:iss mcnt by debt collec1ors or coll ec ti on agcndei;,
see § 12.J4.J06 .
ANNOTATION
Gnm1mc11 of thi s offense is the thru sting or
11n offe nsive nnd unwmucd conunun ic :ui on on
one who is u1111 blc 10 ip,norc it. Peo ple v. Weeks,
t97 Colo. 175. l9 t l'.2d 9t (t979).
Dercnd:mt's SJlittini,: Oil lhe ICIU'III rnnsli-
lUh'd "ph ys icul co ntn ct" wit hin th e mc:1111111-:
of subscct lnn (l)(u). Peop le v. Peay. 5 P.3d 398
(Colo. App. 2IXXI).
Suhscclion (1)(d) held 111u·onstil11tion :,ll y
vague. ·111is subsec11on vio lnt es 1111. .. .!uc pmccss
clrmse bcca 11~ it co nl ain s no hmitin g standards
IO defi ne wlrn t co nduct is prolu bil ed and , con•
vcrsc ly. what co ndu ct is permitted. Peo pl e v.
No rm an, 70J l'.2ri 126 1 (O,ln . 1985}.
Former su bsectiou (l)(l'} wns facially o,•c r-
hniad :111ri th crcforr 1111 cons1ilutimml. Bolles
v. f>c1,plc, 189 Colo . 39~. 54 1 P.2d 80 (1975).
Snh!icction ( l)(c) hclcl 1101 to he Ulll'U ll.,;;t itu -
ti~na ll )' ,,~gut ~~?u ~:.'!1:. ~1a:~111; (~=~!~':~. ~~:
sta1u1c unco ns1i1u1io1111lly \!ague. Peo ple v.
McHumey. 750 P.2d 916 (Co lo. 19S8).
Suhs,·ctiun (l)(i;J Is fociall y u,·er hrm ul nnd
1111c11 nstituliu1111lly \'llJ;tl C and lhcrt are no
limiting construt·li nn!i that will rtndcr it cu11 -
stl1111i11n:1I , Pruplc v. Smi th , 862 l'.2d 939
(Co lo. 1993).
A dercnd :m t lacks st :uulin~ to challc ngr th e
ronstltuti un:1\ily of a .s tututt• as foci11 ll y over•
broad when the dcrcndnlll!i ullcged speech is
preci se ly 11,e 1y1te or acti\'it y which th e tcle-
phune h:irass mcnl s1:11111 e w:1s d..::;igucd 10 rcg u-
lntc. Peo ple v. McRum c:y. 7~0 P.1.d 9 1(, (Colo .
t988).
This sec ti on :u1d § IH•J-207, "hid, dass i-
li tS crimiiml u lorlinn us n fclu nt, :nld rtSs
s,•1m r:1h· 111111 di slin cl 1:rhm~~ and lh e clnss 11i -
ct1 1ion ci f such 11ffe11scs have :, r:11ional basis ii•
fo rt and :ire rc:1<onnhl y rcl:uctl lo kgi1im11tc
-~ .. ·--·-· ·-·~~ ·~ ........ , .. " t" ................. 1.-