HomeMy WebLinkAbout1995 Ordinance No. 064••
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ORD I ,A."-CE NO .~
SERIES OP 1995
BY AUTHORITY
COUNCIL BILL NO . 70
INTRODUCED BY COUNCIL
MEMBER WIGGINS
AN ORDl:s;A.\/CE AMENDING TH E WASTEWATER UTILITY ORDINANCE
TITLE 12 , CHAPTER 2, SECTIO N 4, OP THE ENGLEWOOD MU NICIPAL CODE
19 85, IV ITH THE ADl)ITI ON OF' A NE W SUBSECT IO N F, ENTITLED OIL AND
GREA li E J:s;TERCEl'TOR INSTA LLATI ON .
WH E REAS , Lhis amendm ent will give th e City the authorit y t o inspect grease trap
inte rceptors, r equire fa ci lity owne rs a nd operators LO pump grease interceptors, and to
require fac i1ny owne r s end op erators to u se Best Management Practices wh en
kitch e n grease is being cl ea ned into the sanitary sewe r : and
WHEREAS , the Littl eton/Engl ewood Wa s tewater Treatment Plant Pretrea tm ent
staff has conducted a study to determ ine if grease from res taurants hes an 1mpac~ Rt
th e Wa ste,\ ater Treatment Pi nnt a nd in the sanita ry sewer lines: a nd
WH EREAS, th e study det e r min ed that th ere we re signifi cant ma inte nance cost s
a ssocia t ed ,,u h grea se bot h al the was tew a te r .:,la nt a nd in mai ntai ning th e sewer
lin e~. and
\\'Hl::RE .-\.5. thi s am e ndm ent wi ll a ll ow th e City to req uire restaurant s t o co ntrol
t he grease a t 1.he so urce a nd ne w restaurants whic h meet t he criter ia will be req ui red
t o instoll and mai ntn in grea se inte rcep t or s:
\\'H ER E . .13 . res taurants al rea dy doing busin ess and have no grease interceptor s
will be r equired to u se t ' "'Be-1 '.\l ann ge ment Pra~·t ice to kee p all greases from
entering the anitnry sewe r syste m: nnd
WHEREAS, 1fn rest n urnnt 1s t he so urce ofa grease problem , th e own e r will be
requi red t o install n greasi: in te rc e pt or if it is dee med necessary. and
WH ERE .~. thi s ame ndme nt gives the Cit y au th ority to enter the property of a
rest a urant owne r and ins pe.:t th e equ ipm e nt t o assure thot it is bein g maintained
proper\~ and require t he ow ner to a dopt management prac tices whi ch will reduce the
grease from t he sa n it a ry se we r syst e m: an d
\l'HEREAS. th e propo se d am endm en t s ha ve been app roved by th e En glewood
Water and Sewer Boa rd a t th e Octobe r 10, l !:195 mee ting:
NOW , T HEREFORE , BE IT ORDA INED BY THE CIT Y COUNCIL · THE CITY
OF' ENGLEWOO D, CO LORAD O, AS FOLLOWS :
~ The CJty Co unci l of th!! Cit~ of En~l ewoo <l , Co lorado hereby approves the
amendment t o Ti t le 12. Chnp te r 2 , Section •1, Subsection F, a nd the re-letteri ng of
Pnrngraph · F' through J , Oil and C rea e Interce pt or lnstnl lall on of th e Engl ewood
~1un1 c1 al Codc-whic h shall rend ,1:, follows :
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12-~-4 : PRIVATE SEWERS, CONNECTIONS AND REPAmS:
A. Buil d ings to Have Separate Con nection s. Each building s ha ll be served by
iLS ow n sewer sen•iee line. nnd no con nec l io n she ll be med t by exL ending
the ser vice from on e pro perty to a n othe r p r ope rty. E ach se pa: ste buil ding in
a pl a nned unit d evelopment shall h ove o sepa rate sewer s ervice lin e .
8 . Ol d Private Sewe rs. Old priva te sewe rs may be u sed in connection wit.h new
bu ildings on ly when th ey a re fo un d lO meet a ll re quire ments he rein and
so le ly at the ri sk of the u,er : oth e rwise , old pri vate sewers sha ll be plugged
a t the use r 's ex pense upon discontinuance of service. The plug in the old
private se wer mu s t be ins pected and a pp roved end a pla n r eview and
in s pr·ctlon fee will be cha rged by t he City.
C . Design and Co n s t ructio n . The size, s lope, al ign me nt, and ma t er ials of
con s t ruction of e pri\'ate sewe r, end the method s to be used in exca v ati n g,
placing of pipe, join t ing, te ti ng, a nd backfilling the tre nch ond all other
work shall confo r m to the r eq u irements of the Build ing ond Plumbing Cod e
or other applicnble codes. laws. ru les a nd r egulati on s of Fed eral. State. a nd
loca l ent it ies.
D.
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P r i\'ate ewer El e \'ntion In all s tructures whe r e the e levation is too low to
pe rmit gnwity n o,, to the public sewer, sanita ry sewage d is charge fr om
such structu re hall be li fted and disc h a rged tD the sewe r by a Ci ty a n d
Tri-Co unt) Heal th Depa rtment app roved facility wh ic h s ha ll be ope rated
and ma1n ta1 m•rl b., the u t:r
l nstallet10n a nd Ma.ntenance. All co s rs a nd expen ses inc idental to th e
1n .. ta ll at10n and ronnect ion of the private sewer sh all be borne by the
e pphcam v. ho shall r et.am or e m p loy a lice nsed se wer co ntractor or plumber
to make connect ion t o a n d ins ta ll a sewer .
The ser vice hn e fr om the public-sPwe r mai n line to t he str uc ture to be served
shall be in ;rnlled by th e prope rty ow ne r a t hi s expense. The own e r shall hold
the City h a rml ess fo r nny la cs o r damage th at may d i rec t ly or indir ectly be
oc ca 1oned b) t he 1n st:1 lbt1on of th£: service lint or the ma lfun ction of a n y
old pri\'ate se,,H .
T h e owner of any propert) connecting to t he POT \V s hall be r es pon s ib le fo r
the ma inte nan ce of th e service line fro m the public sewe r to the s tructure to
be served. The owner shall keep the se rvice line for wh ic h he is r esponsible
m go od condition a nd s hall replace at hi s exp e n e any portion s t her eof
which, in the op ini on of the Dir ect or of Utilities, have becom e d a m aged o r
disintegrott d os t o be unfit fo r furth er use, or is in s uch con dition to permit
infi ltration ini o th e s_v te rn . All repai rs shall be complet ed with in th irty (30)
days after not ificat1 on and shall be completed by a bonded co ntract.o r . Th e
ow e r s hall be respo n ~ib le for re t urning the public ri ght of way and th e
s treet to ncce prnble Cu., Hnnda rd s
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F. OIL AND GREASE INTERCEPTOR INSTALLATION :
I. GREASE INTERC EPTOR IN STALLATION CRITERIA: GREASE
TRAP INTERCEPTORS ARE REQUIRED FOR ALL FACILITIES USED
AND OPERATED REGULARLY FOR THE SALE OF PREPARED
FOOD , IN CLUD ING BUT NOT LIMITED TO RESTAURANTS, CAFES,
FAST FO OD OUTLETS , PIZZA OUTLETS , DELICATESSENS,
SANDWICH SHOPS AND ANY AND AL L OTHER KJNDS AND TYPES
OF FOOD VEND ING ESTABLISHMENTS IN WH ICH ANY FOOD
PREPARATIO N (IN CL DIN G HEATING OR DEFROSTING IN OR BY
MEAN S OF ANY KIND OF OV EN OR HEATI NG DEVICE ) TAKES
PLA CE ON THE PREMISES , WHETHER OR NOT SUCH FACILITIES
ARE LO CATED IN A SEPARATE BUILDING OR STRUCTURE OR
OCC PY SPACE IN A BUILDI NG OR ST RUCTU RE THAT IS
OCCUPIED BY OTHER BUS INE SSES , i\S WELL AS SCHOOLS,
CHURCHE S, BO AR DI NG HO USES WITH COMMUNAL KJTCHEN
FA CI LIT IES , NU RSING HOMES , A.'\D DAY CA RE CENTERS WHICH
HA\.E KJ TC HE KS A. 'D f.N GAGE J•i THE PREPARATIO N OF FOOD .
IX ADDITIO N. "EAT CU'i'l'ING FACI LITI ES ~.ND OTHERS
CAPA BLE OF . ;SC HARG II./G S IG:-IIFIC:ANT AMOUNTS OF GREASE
INTO THE POTW SHALL BE REQ IRED TO INSTALL GREASE
INTERCEPTORS . THE EX CEPTIOK SHALL BE THOSE FACILITIES
GRA'.'.TED A YARIAN CE BY TH E DIRECTO R OF UTILIT IES WITH
THE APPR OV AL OF THE WATER Al\D SEWER BOARD . GREASE
INTE RCEPTORS SHA LL NOT BE REQ UIRED FOR PRIVATE
RESIDEN CES OR DWELLIK G~ NLESS THERE ARE COMME RCIAL
US ES WITHl :-1 THE D\l'ELLl :-l uS THAT GEN EKATE AMOUNTS OF
GREA SE BEYO .D THAT GEN ERATED BY A RESID ENT IAL
DWE LLI NG .
2. GREA SE IKTERCEPTOR 121:-IG CRITERIA : THE DiRE CTO R OF
t:TILITIES SHALL PROM LGATE Rt:LES , REG ULATI ONS AND
CRITER IA FOR GREA SE INTERCEPTOR SIZI NG.
3 IXSPE CTI ON OF GRE AS E 1:-ITER CEPTOR S: THE DIRECTOR OF
UTI LI TIES SHALL ESTABLI H AK IXS PE CTION PROGRA M FOR
GREASE I .TERCEPTORS . THE DIRECTOR OF UT ILI TIES SHALL
DEVELO P RULE S AND RE GULAT IO:-IS TO INVENTORY ALL
GREASE INTE RCE PTORS A.'\D DO CU MENT THE INSPE CTIO NS OF
THE E INTER CEPTOR S.
GREA E IKTER CE PT OR PUMPl:-I G SC HEDULES : ALL US ER S
COKNECT ED TO GREA E IXT ERCEPTORS WIL L BE REQ UIR ED TO
PU~IP OUT THEIR INTE RCEPT OR AT INT ERVALS DET ERM INE D
1:-1 RULES , RE GU LATI O:-IS A.'ID CRITER IA PR OMU LGAT ED BY
THE DIRE CTOR OF T ILITI ES .
5. BI OLOG ICAL TREAn1E KT · BIOLOG ICAL TREATME NT SHALL
'.'.OT BE A SUBST ITt:TE FOR THE Pt:~IPING OF THE GREASE
IKTERCEPT OR
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6. EXISTING SOU RCES NOT CONNECTED TO GREASE
INTERCEPTORS : EXISTING SOURCES NOT CONNECTE D TO
GREASE INTERCEPTORS AND WHICH CONTRIBUTE
SIGN IFICANT AMOUNTS SHALL BE IDENTIFIED THROUGH
INSPECTION '•F THE COLLECT IO N SYSTEMS . ONCE THESE
SOURCES ARL IDENTIFIED, THEY WILL BE REQUIRED TO
IMPLEMENT BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMP'S) TO KEEP
OlL AND GRE ASE OUT OF THE POTW . THE DIRE CTOR OF
UTILIT IE S SHALL PROMULGATE RULES, REGULATIONS AND
CRITERIA FOR BMP'S.
W THE BMP'S AR E NO T SUC CESSF UL AT THE FACILITY AND THE
FA CILITY CONT INUE S TO CO 'TH I BUTE SIGNIFICANT AM OUNTS
OF OIL A.''ID GREASE TO THE SA NITARY SEWER, AS
DOCU ME NTED BY FIELD INSPECTIONS , THEN TH FACILITY
\\'ILL BE REQ UIR ED TO INSTALL AN ADEQUATELY SIZED
GREA E INTE RCE PT OR
RI GHT OF ENT RY : WH E:'IE VER IT IS NECES SARY TO MAKE AN
I~ PECT IO:-1 TO E:'IF'O RCE ANY PROV ISIONS OF THIS SECT IO ',
OR \l'HE KEVE R THE DIRE CTOR OR HIS/HER DESIGNEE BELIEVES
TH AT THERE EX ISTS 1:--ANY PREMISE S SU BJECT TO THIS
SE CTI OK ANY CONDI T ION OR VI OL.\TIO N WITH REGARD TO
THE USE AND MAI KT E~AN CE OF OIL AND GREASE
IKTERCEPTOR S, THE DIRECTOR OF UT II.ITIE S OR HIS/HER
DES IG:'IEE MAY ENTER SUCH PREMISES TO INSPECT THE SAME
PR OV IDED TH AT HE/S HE SHALL FIRST PRESENT PROPER
CREDENT IALS AND REQ UEST AND BE GRANTED ENTRY , OR
OT HERWISE HA VE GRO\JN DS FOR A SEAR CH WARRANT
EXC'.::PTI ON AS MAY BE .WTH ORI ZED BY LA W. IF REQUE STED
E:'I TRY BE REFUSED , THE DIRE CTOR OF UTILITIES OR HIS/HER
DE SIG 'EE SHALL HAVE RE COURSE TO EVERY RE MED Y
PROV IDED BY LAW TO EGU RE ENTRY . INC LUDING , AN
ISSl:A~CE OF A:-1 AD~'II NISTRATI VE WARRA NT FROM THE
M KICIP AL COURT OR. FR O~I THE DISTRI CT COURT OF THE
STA TE OF COLO RA DO HA VING J URI SDICT ION .
F-G. Permit Req ui re d. Befo re co mm e ncem en t of constru ction of a pri va te
sewage d isposa l syste m, th e ow ne r s h e ll fir st obtain a written pe rmit s ign ed
by th e Direct or of Util itie s.
~ H. Conn ec tio n Requi remen t.
1. Th e app lica nt for th e pn \'D te sewer pe rmit s ha ll not ify th e Director of
tiliti es when the private sewe r i re ad y fo r in s pecti on a nd con nec t io n
to th e public sewer. Th e applicant mus t h ave sec ured a permit a nd ha ve
met nil Ci ty re qui re me nt s . Th e co n n ec ti on shall be mad e und er th e
s upervisi on of the Directo r of U tilities or h is representa tiv e.
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2. The owner of any structure u sed for human oc cu pa ncy, employment or
a ctivity, situate within the City, ma y be required at such owner's
expense to connect such structure toe publi c sewe r , if s uch a puhlic sewer
is with in fo ur hundred feet (400') of I.h e properly line of the property upon
which the structure is loc a t ed . Such co nnection shall be made within
ninety (90) days after noti ce from th e Director is served on the ow n er of
the pro perty affected : provid ed, however, th at in th e event co mp 1ia nce
with thu ubsec tion causes severe eco nomic hardsh ip to said person, h e
may appl) to th e City fo r exe mpti on from thi s subsection . Such
application shall st.nte in de tail th e circum stances which are claimed
to cau e such ec onomic hardsh ip. Such exe mptions sha11 only be
grant ed to residential users. shall not a ppl y tu other users, and sh all be
gronted on ly for such tim e as t h e demonst ra t ed h ardsh ip exist s .
Ser \'ice shall be considered co:.,plete upon d elive ry of th e n otic e to L~e
owner of the propert) or by pos ting a copy of th e notice on the pro~rty in
q estion m a con pic uous pi nce a nd by mailing n copy of s uch notice.
regist ered mail, to the rec ord cwne r of th e prope rty a s di sclosed And at
tht ad dr ess shown m the current reco rds of th e Arapahoe County
As!,ess or
3. If a pubhc sewer I not avAilnbl e wi th in fr.,ur hur,dred fee t (400') of the
prope r[) h ne of the ;,rrperty upon wh ich a house or building is located, a
private sewage disposa l syst em constructed in accordance 1 ,,..'1 th
applicablt-regulations of th e H ealth De pa rtment shell be utilized to
dis pose of sewage .
4 . In cases \,here a publ ic se wer was not previously avai lable within fou r
h undred '«t ,.mo I of the property line of a prope rty OOt a public sewer
Int er ~1.o mcS ll\ 111lnble within s uch d1st nnce. th e owner may be
r equi red to connect \\ 1th the public sewe r a s provided in s ubsect io n G2
above In uch t\'tnt, nfter th e co nnection is co mpl eted, th e p rivate
::iewagf d1sposnl S) stem shall be em pti ed , cleaned a nd filled with sa nd
or din..
5 It !!i hn ll be nh1,\ ful for an~ pe rso n to de posit or d ischarge, or to cau.se to
be depo ned or discharged , to any wastewater co llection facilities any
solid or h uid wast e J nle ss through a con nec t ion a pproved by th e C.i t y.
H-. I. Damage t o PO T\\". An y person who ma lic iously , w1llfu ll y, or n egli gen t ly
breaks, damages. des troy s, uncove rs, defa ces, or tamper s wi th a n y
structure. app u rtenance or equipment whic h is part of th e POTW shall be
subj ect to such acti on ond penalty as provided in Sect ion 12-2-6 of this
Chapte r.
t":' J . Septic Waste Fee s and Charges . The wo t ewa ter or se--dc '.an k wa st e h auler
per mit fee -all be one hund red dollars (S100.00). U ,e r charge for di sposal
of haul ed "astewater or se ptage shall be $0.06/ga ll on. (Ord . 58 Series 1991 )
l ntrodu ee d. read in full, and passed on fir st reading on the 6t h day of Nove mbe r ,
1995 .
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Publi sh ed as a Bill fo r on Ordinance on the 9th day ofNr,ember, 1995 .
Read by t it le and pa ssed on fin a l , ,ading on th e 20 th day of Nov e mber, 1995.
P ublis hed by t itl e ns O rd in ance No . Id/.., Se ri es of 1995 , on th e 23rd day of
Nove mber , 1995.
Lourris h1n . .\ Elh.:i. C'1t)' Clerk
I, Loucnsh:a A El!is. C1ty Cle rk oft~• Ci ty of Englewoo d , Co lora do, hereby
cert i~, that th e nbo\E• nnd fo regoing is a true CD P)j ~}the Ord inance r,asse d on final
ren di ng and pubhshed by t it le as Ordinance No .~, Series of 19 95 .
b~!/~
Lou cri shi a A. Ellis
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Nc,.mber 6, 1~95
tNITIA TED BY
lJE V\WTP Supervisory Committee
COUNCIL COMIIIUNICATION
Agenda Item
11 a iii
I STAFF SOURCE
Slewar1 Fonda
CO UNCI L GOAL AND PREVIOUS COUNCIL ACTION
Subject
Wastewater Utility Ord in ance
Amendment
Thf, Wastewater Utility Ord ini/nce was revised by Council on July 17, 1995, to incorpo rate add itiona l local
entorcemenl autho ri!y and newly revised ioca l li mits
Rl'.COMMENDED ACTION
The action recommended is to add la ngu age to the Wastewater Utility Ord inance ws 1ch gives the authority to the
C o inspect grease trap interceptors , req uire facility owners and operators ro µump grease interceptors . and to
req ire facility owners and operators to use Bes t Management Practices whee. Kitchen grease is being cleaned
into the sanitary sewe r.
BACKGROUND , ANALYSIS , AND AL TERNAT1VES IDENTIFIED
The Littleton/Englewood Wastewater Treatment Plant Pretreatment staff has comp le ted a study to determ ine if
gre~e from commerc ial food processing fac ilities has an Impact al the plant an d in the sanitary sewe r 11nes. The
study results have i ndicated sign ifican t ma intenance costs ass ociated with grease both al the pla'II and in
maintain ing the sewer li nes ,
A procedu re has been developed wh ich allows the City to require these fac il ities to control the grease at the
sou rce New facili ties wh ich meet the criteria will be required to install and mainta in grease inte rceptor.,, Fac ili ties
which are currently do 11 .,i business in the area and have no grease in terceptors are re~uired to use the Best
Ma nagement F'ract1ce to keep all greases from ent ering the sanitary sewer system . If a commercial facil ity is the
source of a grease problem , the owner will be requ ired lo install a grease in terceptor if ii is deemed necessary
Th is ordinance amendment gives the City the authority to onter the pro perty ot a toed processing facility and
inspect the equ ipment to ass ure that it is be ing ma in ta ined property an d to i·equ ire the owner to •dopt
ma agem ent pract ices which will reduce the grease from the sewer system . Th is autho rity el<lends in to 'che
connecto r districts througn the standar'' c.on nectors agreement. A similar ordinance has been pas sed in Littleton
to inclu de the ir connector districts .
The L1ttleto n/En glewood Superv isor· Comm itt ee has recommended that a centralized inspectior. program be
1mp le'Tlen ted for the entire service area . Recommended staffing level 1s one par1 time person , working
ap proxi mately 20-24 hours/week. Purchase of necessary equipmem inclu des one sm all van or tn,ck, ~. ice
furn re, and lap top computer Additiona l costs inc lude outs ide tra ining .
11 1s reco mmended :hat th is pcs ition be filled during the first quarter ot 1996 .
Acronym• found In th• propoaed 1mendmonts ere defined H :
POlW: Publ icly Owned Treatment Works
BMP Best Management Practice
FINANCIAL IMPACT
First year cost is estimated to be $36 ,000 . The cost will be shared with Littleton as an operat ing cost based on the
flow contr ibutio n of ea ch service area (currently 55 .7% Englewood and 44 3% Littleton). Funds are ava ilable from
the Sewer Fu nd and are not inciuded in the 1996 budget proposa l.
Conunuing costs are estimated to be $20 ,000 annually
UST OF ATTACHMENTS
Proposed Ord inance
Posttion/ProGram Oes cn ption Oran
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Littleton/Englewood Wastewater Treatment Plant
Position Description:
POSITION : Co llecti on System Inspector
Part Time/Permanent
20-24 hour s/week
Flexible schedule
POSITION REPORTS TO ·
Industrial Pretreatment Administrator
POSITIO N I OC ATIO '·
Existing space in administratio n building/work space
DRAFT
The person filling this position "ill work in the field 90% of their tim e. A work spdce is
requ ired to prepare and complete reports , mak e telephone communication with di strict
and city represcntatiYes . and de velop/re vie w data. The work space ma y be located in one
of two areas : the laboratory or the current re fere nce room.
Off:ce Equipment : desk and ch air , book shelf, telephone, file. and computer (possibly lap
top for use in fi eld and office )
PA.RT TIME POSITIO"I ·
I 6-20 hours/week
The cities of Linleto n and Englewood, co mbined, make up app roximate ly one third of
the serYice area. The remaining two thirds of the area is co mpo se d of approximately 24
water and sanitation districts which have agreements with either Englewood or Linle ton .'
The Collecti on System Inspector position will be required to inspect and implement
proce dure s throughout the entire drainage basin. Estimating 4 hours per city per week =
8 hr s.
8 hrs. X 3 =2 4 hours/week
Ba sed on the above factor , this position will be part time, working between 20 and 24
hours per week .
l...itddoa/Ea1lewood Wulew■ter Treatme ■c Plaat
Position Descrt pl loo: Co llect io n Syste m lupeccor
,.,. 2
YEHJCI E/MII EAGE ·
IR:\INING ·
This posi ti on will require a de signated vehicle : a small truck or van
The servic e area is approximatel y 74 square miles in size. This position will be required
to inspect the entire area .
The perso n holdi ng this posi tion "i ll require both outside fonnal training and internal
tra ining from the Litt le ton and Englewood utiltties staff, Pretreatment A<!.~-J ~t::,!!lr, an d
colle cti on sys tem s tra ining courses . Direct comm uni cati on with di s~ic t representatives
will be req ui red ini tiall y to identify affec ted area restaurants .
f.B.QGB,,A.M RESpo,s)BJLIT!ES
Collec rio n S_vs rem 1-tspe cror Respo nsibiliries :
• In sp ect io n of collection system and connectors
• Reponing
• Coo rdin ation "i th Distriets and ci ties
• Dat a collection
Pr errearment Adminisrraro r/Sraff Responsibil ities:
• Man age ment
• Be st Man agement Pract ic e
• Sampling
• Database trackin g
• Cos t
• Trackin g/monitorin g/magnitude of problem
I . One year 10 determine magnitude of probkm
Current estima ted costs associated \\i th mairne nance directly related to grease :
Annual maintenance at plant $44 , I 75
Annual replacement pans a' plant 13,892
Littleton annual line maintenance I 6,154
Englewood annual line maintenance 6,150
Di stricts annual line maintenance
Annual treatment plant modifications
Total
2 . Oil and grease costs reduced by:
I st year 25% $25 ,842
Long range 75% $77,528
unknown
23,000
$103 ,371
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.tltton/En~•ewood W11tt"'attr Trutmcnl Plaut
oslllon Oescd,.,1ion : Collection System lnsptctor
,.,. 3
CQSIS.;
Personnel
Salary--S 13 .530 -SI 6,910 /year
Benefits--S3.500 /year
3 months training
9 months tracking and monitoring
First Year--5:0 ho urs ba.s.;:j on 20 hour weeks .
lr.itial In ,·estment :
Truck--S12 .000
modular fumirure--S5.000
bp top computer --$ 1.500
Outside training--S500
Tot3l First Year Cost--S 36 .000
On-g oing cost (pan time )--$20,000