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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1998 Ordinance No. 031• I ORDINANCE NO. jj SERIES OF 1998 BY AUTHORITY COUNCIL BILL NO. 13 INTRODUCED BY COUNCIL MEMBER HABENICHT/BURNS AN ORDINANCE AMENDING TITLE 16, BY REPEALING TITLE J.6, CHAPTER 4, SECTION 18, ENTITLED LANDSCAPE ORDINANCE ; ENACTING A NEW TITLE 16, CHAPTER 5, SECTION 26 , ENTITLED LANDSCAPING STANDARDS ; AND AMENDING TITLE 16, CHAPTER 8, SECTION 1, BY THE ADDITION OF SEVERAL DEFINITIONS , OF THE ENGLEWOOD MUNICIPAL CODE 1985. WHEREAS , the City wishes to enhance the aesthetic appearance of development in the City by providing standards relating to quality, quantity, maintenance and functional aspects of landscaping; and WHEREAS , landscaping a i ds in stabilizing the environment's ecological balance by contributing to the processes of air purification, oxygen regeneration, storm water runoff reduction and ground water recharge and encourages water conservation through water conserving devices and xeriscape principles ; and WHEREAS , landscaping reduces the noise, heat and glare generated by development; and WHEREAS, landscaping standards help to protect public health, safety and welfare by minimizing the impact of all forms of physical and visual pollution, screening incompatible land uses , preserving the integrity of neighborhoods and enhancing pedestrian and vehicular traffic and safety ; and WHEREAS , the Planning and Zoning Commission recommended City staff research and prepare landscaping standards that would focus on "greening" the City and provide minimum standards of quality and quantity co n sistent with similar comm unitie s within the metropolitan area; and WHEREAS , the Planning and Zoning Commission reviewed the proposed modifications to the Landscape Standards and recommends the passage of this Ordinance ; and WHEREAS, the Englewood Planning and Zoning Commission held a Public Hearing on February 3, 1998 ; NOW , THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ENGLEWOOD, COLORADO , AS FOLLOWS: Section 1. The City Council of the City of Englewood, Colorado hereby approves amending Title 16 , of the Englewood Municipal Code 1985, by r e pealin g Title 16, Chapter 4, Section 18, entitled Landscape Ordinance and enacting a new Title 16, Chapter 5, Section 26 , entitled Landscaping Standards , which shall read as follows: -1 - 10 bi 16-5 -26: LANDSCAPING STANDARDS: A. PURPOSE: THIS SECTION ESTABLISHES LANDSCAPE STANDARDS FOR NEW DEVELOPMENT AND FOR REDEVELOPING PROPERTIES IN ORDER TO ENHANCE , IMPROVE , PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE APPEARANCE , CHARACTER AND VALUE OF SUCH PROPERTIES AND THEIR SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOODS . THIS SECTION IS FURTHER INTENDED TO: 1. ENHANCE THE AESTHETIC APPEARANCE OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY BY PROVIDING STANDARDS RELATING TO QUALITY, QUANTITY, MAINTENANCE AND THE FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF LANDSCAPING ; 2. AID IN STABILIZING THE ENVIRONMENT'S ECOLOGICAL BALANCE BY CONTRIBUTING TO THE PROCESSES OF AIR PURIFICATION, OXYGEN REGENERATION, STORM WATER RUNOFF REDUCTION AND GROUND WATER RECHARGE , AND TO ENCOURAGE WATER CONSERVATION THROUGH WATER CONSERVING DEVICES AND XERISCAPE PRINCIPLES ; 3. REDUCE THE NOISE , HEAT AND GLARE GENERATED BY DEVELOPMENT ; AND 4 . PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE BY MINIMIZING THE IMPACT OF ALL FORMS OF PHYSICAL AND VISUAL POLLUTION, SCREENING INCOMPATIBLE LAND USES, PRESERVING THE INTEGRITY OF NEIGHBORHOODS , AND ENHANCING PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR TRAFFIC AND SAFETY. B. APPLICABILITY: THIS SE CTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY DEVELOPMENT LOCATED WITHIN THE CITY OF ENGLEWOOD AT SUCH TIME AS AN APPLICATION IS MADE FOR ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. A BUILDING PERMIT FOR A NEW STRU CTURE ; 2 . A BUILDING PERMIT FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES THAT RESULTS IN THE EXPANSION OR INCREASE OF THE GROSS FLOOR AREA AND/OR OFF-STREET PARKING AREA BY FIFTEEN PERCENT (15 %) OR MORE , OR A TOTAL OF FIVE HUNDRED SQUARE FEET (500 SQ .') GROSS FLOOR AREA , WHICHEVER IS GREATER ; 3 . A SITE PLAN ; OR 4 . A REZONING OF PROPERTY. -2- • • • 5 . THIS SECTION SHALL NOT APPLY WHERE A BUIL DING PERMIT IS ISSUED FOR THE RESTORATION, WITHIN TWELVE (12) MONTHS , OF A BUILDING THAT HAS BEEN DAMAGED OR DESTROYED BY FIRE , EXPLOSION, STORM OR ACCIDENT OF ANY KIND, UNLESS SUCH RESTORATION EXCEEDS THE EXPANSION PROVISIONS OF E .M .C. 16 -5-26 -B-2 ABOVE . C . LA NDS CA P E P LAN RE QU IRE ME N T: A LANDSCAPE PLAN SHALL BE REQUIRED AS PART OF A BUILDING PERMIT, SITE PLAN, AND/OR REZONING APPLICATION AS DEFINED IN E.M.C . 16-5-26-B APPLICABILITY. THE LANDSCAPE PLAN SHALL MEET THE INTENT OF THIS SECTION BY EXHIBITING A COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN PROGRAM IN TERMS OF MATERIALS, LOCATION , SIZE/SCALE , FUNCTION, THEME , AND SIMILAR ATTRIBUTES . LANDSCAPE PLANS SHALL BE REVIEWED BY THE CITY TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SECTION. THE TIME PERIODS ALLOWED FOR REVIEW SHALL BE THE SAME AS THOSE FOR SITE PLANS. LANDSCAPE PLANS SHALL BE DRAWN TO A MINIMUM SCALE OF ONE INCH (l ") TO FIFTY FEET (50 ') AND SHALL PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: 1. DATE , GRAPHIC AND WRITTEN SCALE , NORTH ARROW , NAME AND LOCATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT, AND THE NAME(S) OF THE OWNER, NAME , ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBER OF THE PERSON/FIRM PREP ARING THE PLAN, AND THE NAME OF THE CONTACT PERSON FOR THE PROJECT; 2 . THE LOCATIONS AND DIMENSIONS OF ALL PROPERTY LINES , PROPOSED TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOURS, ADJA CENT STREETS AND RIGHTS-OF-WAY , SIGNIFICANT DRAINAGE FEATURES , BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES , OFF -STREET PARKING , LOADING AND VEHICULAR USE AREAS , DRIVEWAYS , UNDERGROUND AND/OR OVERHEAD UTILITY LINES , EXISTING AND PROPOSED WATER METER PITS AND WATER VALVES , AND TRAFFIC SIGHT DISTANCE TRIANGLES ; 3 . THE LANDSCAPE PLAN SHALL ALSO ADDRESS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DRAINAGE OF LANDSCAPED AREAS AND THE DRAINAGE OF THE REMAINING FEATURES OF THE SITE ; 4 . THE LANDSCAPED AREAS ON THE SITE , INCLU DING: A. LOCATIONS , DIMENSIONS AND SQ UARE FOOTAGE OF ALL LANDSCAPED AREAS ; B . TYPES OF LANDSCAPE MATERIALS (I.E. GRASS , SHRUBS , GROUNDCOVER, TREES, ETC.); C. THE SPECIES , NUMBER, CALIPER AND LOCATIONS OF ALL REQUIRED PLANTINGS ; -3- D. THE SPECIES, LOCATION AND CALIPER OF ANY EXISTING PLANT MATERIALS TO BE PRESERVED ; E. THE LOCATION, SIZE AND TREATMENT OF ALL NON-LIVING LANDSCAPING ; 5. A DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED IRRIGATION METHODS ; 6 . A DESCRIPTION OF HOW EXISTING TREES, WHICH ARE PROPOSED TO BE PRESERVED, WILL BE PROTECTED DURING SITE PREPARATION AND CONSTRUCTION; 7. A PLANT SCHEDULE WITH BOTANICAL SPECIES , COMMON NAME, SIZE INSTALLED, TOTAL QUANTITY PROVIDED; 8 . PLANTING NOTES TO INCLUDE BUT NOT LIMITED TO: UTILITY PROTECTION, DAILY CLEAN-UP OF RIGHT-OF-WAYS , GUARANTEES , MAINTENANCE , SOIL Al\1ENDMENTS ; 9. IN SITUATIONS WHERE IT CAN BE DOCUMENTED THAT EXISTING LANDSCAPING MEETS OR EXCEEDS THE TOTAL LANDSCAPE REQUIRED, THE CITY MAY WAIVE THE LANDSCAPE PLAN SUBMISSION REQUIREMENT. D. LANDSCAPED AREA REQUIREMENT: PROPERTIES SHALL PROVIDE A MINIMUM LEVEL OF AREA LANDSCAPING AS FOLLOWS , EXCEPT AS MAY BE PERMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH E.M.C . 16-5-26-D-2 , (SOUTH BROADWAY CORRIDOR PROPERTIES), OR E.M.C . 16-5-26-E , (ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE). 1 . ZONE DISTRICT REQUIREMENTS: A. ALL ZONE DISTRICTS : 1) SiNGLE-FAMILY DETACHED , SINGLE-FAMILY ATTACHED AND TWO-FAMILY USES: ONE HUNDRED PERCENT (100%) OF THE FRONT SETBACK AREA AND NO LESS THAN FORTY PERCENT (40%) OF THE LOT AREA, EXCLUSIVE OF DRIVEWAY , SHALL BE LANDSCAPED ; 2) MULTI-FAMILY USES: AT LEAST TWENTY-FIVE PERCENT (25%) OF THE TOTAL SITE SHALL BE LANDSCAPED . B. RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS: 1) NON-RESIDENTIAL USES ; A MINIMUM OF TWENTY-FIVE PERCENT (25%) OF THE TOTAL SITE SHALL BE LANDSCAPED. C. BUSINESS DISTRICTS ; A MINIMUM OF FIFTEEN PERCENT (15 %) OF THE TOTAL SITE SHALL BE LANDSCAPED . D. INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS ; A MINIMUM OF FIFTEEN PERCENT (15%) OF THE TOTAL SITE SHALL BE LANDSCAPED . -4- • • • • E. PUD DISTRICT LANDSCAPING REQUIREMENTS SHALL BE DETERMINED ON A CASE-BY-CASE BASIS. CONSIDERATION SHALL BE GIVEN TO THE TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT USE AND ADJACENT USES. PUD LANDSCAPE REQUIREMENTS SHALL BE GUIDED. THE DISTRICT'S PREDOMINANT DEVELOPMENT USE AND BY REQUIREMENTS ESTABLISHED FOR SIMILAR DEVELOPMENTS IN SIMILAR ZONE DISTRICTS. F. WATER, WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND OTHER SIMILAR LARGE-SCALE PUBLIC FACILITIES; WHERE COMPLIANCE TO DISTRICT ZONE REQUIREMENTS MAY NOT BE FEASIBLE OR PRACTICAL, AN ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE PLAN MAY BE SUBMITTED. 2. SOUTH BROADWAY CORRIDOR PROPERTIES : REDEVELOPING PROPERTIES FRONTING ON SOUTH BROADWAY SHALL BE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE NO LESS THAN A MINIMUM OF TEN PERCENT (10%) OF THE TOTAL SITE TO LANDSCAPING UPON COMPLETION OF THE REDEVELOPMENT, RENOVATION, AND/OR EXPANSION OF THE EXISTING DEVELOPMENT. LANDSCAPING SHALL BE REQUIRED IN THE FRONT YARD AREA. IN CASES WHERE THE LANDSCAPING PROVISION MAY NOT BE PRACTICAL DUE TO EXISTING AREA CONDITIONS, AN ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE PLAN MAY BE CONSIDERED BY THE CITY. PROPERTIES DEVELOPING BETWEEN AND INCLUDING THE 3200 TO 3600 BLOCKS OF SOUTH BROADWAY ARE ENCOURAGED TO DEVELOP WITH TRADITIONAL, COMMERCIAL PATTERNS ESTABLISHED WITHIN THOSE BLOCKS. 3. MULTIPLE-ZONED PROPERTIES: WHERE ONE PROPERTY rs COMPOSED OF MORE THAN ONE ZONE DISTRICT THE LANDSCAPE REQUIREMENTS OF THE MORE RESTRICTIVE ZONE, AS PROVIDED IN THIS CHAPTER, SHALL APPLY. SHOULD THE LANDSCAPE AREA REQUIREMENTS BE IMPRACTICAL, THE CITY MAY CONSIDER ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE PLANS . E. ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE: IN CASES WHERE THE PERCENTAGE OF REQUIRED LANDSCAPING MAY NOT BE PRACTICAL OR FEASIBLE , THE APPLICANT MAY CONSIDER AN ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE LANDSCAPE PLAN. ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE IS A PROCESS THAT ALLOWS MODIFICATIONS TO EXISTING REGULATIONS DUE TO UNIQUE SITE CONDITIONS . THE PROPOSED PLAN MUST EQUAL OR EXCEED EXISTING REQUIREMENTS . 1. ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE LANDSCAPE PLAN CRITERIA: UNDER THE SPECIFIC CONDITIONS LISTED BELOW, THE CITY MAY REVIEW AND APPROVE AN ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE LANDSCAPE PLAN UPON DETERMINING THAT SUCH PLAN MEETS THE GENERAL INTENT AND PURPOSE OF THIS SECTION: A. THE PROPERTY HAS UNIQUE NATURAL FEATURES SUCH AS TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS , WATER FEATURES, OR SIGNIFICANT EXISTING LANDSCAPING; -5- F . B. THE PROPERTY CONSISTS OF PECULIAR-SHAPED LOTS; OR C . THE PROPERTY HAS SPACE LIMITATIONS WHICH EXIST AS A RESULT OF THE LOCATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES, PAVED AREAS AND OTHER BUILT FEATURES . 2 . FEE-IN-LIEU: ONLY AFTER IT HAS BEEN DETERMINED BY THE CITY THAT AN ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE PLAN IS NOT PRACTICAL OR FEASIBLE, A FEE-IN-LIEU EQUIVALENT MAY BE CONSIDERED AS PART OF AN OVERALL SITE PLAN APPLICATION . THE FEE-IN-LIEU SHALL BE CALCULATED TO BE AN AMOUNT EQUIVALENT TO ONE AND 15 /100 DOLLARS ($1.15) PER SQUARE FOOT OF TOTAL REQUIRED LANDSCAPED AREA. THIS FEE SHALL BE PAID TO THE ENGLEWOOD GENERAL FUND AND AN ACCOUNTING SHALL BE MADE FOR LANDSCAPING AND BEAUTIFICATION OF PUBLIC AREAS AS DETERMINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL. FEE-IN-LIEU SHALL NOT APPLY TO NEW DEVELOPMENT IN ANY ZONE DISTRICT. FEE-IN-LIEU SHALL APPLY ONLY TO REDEVELOPMENT , RENOVATION, REMODEL , OR EXPANSION TO THE FOLLOWING ZONE DISTRICTS AND /OR USES : B-1 , B-2 , I-1 , I-2 AND NON-RESIDENTIAL USES IN R-3 AND R-4 ZONE DISTRICTS . GENERAL REQUIREMENTS : LANDSCAPED AREAS SHALL MEET THE FOLLOWING GENERAL REQUIREMENTS : 1. LANDSCAPED AREAS SHALL INCLUDE A COMBINATION OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF LIVING PLANT MATERIALS: TREES , SHRUBS , ANNUAL AND/OR PERENNIAL PLANTS , VINES , GRASS, AND/OR GROUND COVER. NON-LIVING , DURABLE MATERIALS COMMONLY USED IN LANDSCAPING, SUCH AS , BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WOOD MULCHES , ROCKS , PEBBLES, SAND, WATER FEATURES, DECORATIVE PAVED SURFACES , EXCLUDING ASPHALT OR NON-PATTERNED CONCRETE, MAY ALSO BE USED IN LANDSCAPED AREAS ; 2. PERVIOUS, DECORATIVE PAVING MATERIALS AND BRICK PAVERS MAY BE INCLUDED IN THE FORM OF WALKWAYS OR DRIVEWAYS THROUGH LANDSCAPED AREAS ; HOWEVER, OFF- STREET PARKING AREAS PAVED WITH SUCH MATERIALS SHALL NOT BE CONSIDERED AS LANDSCAPED AREAS ; 3 . THE USE OF NON-LIVING MATERIALS SHALL NOT EXCEED THIRTY-FIVE PERCENT (35 %) OF THE TOTAL LANDSCAPED AREA ; 4 . ALL LANDSCAPED AREAS SHALL HA VE AN APPROVED IRRIGATION SYSTEM; 5. ALL LANDSCAPED OFF-STREET PARKING AREAS SHALL BE PROTECTED FROM VEHICULAR TRAFFIC BY CONCRETE CURBING OR OTHER DEVICES ACCEPTABLE TO THE CITY WHICH -6- • • • • • PROHIBIT VEHICULAR ACCESS TO AND ENCROACHMENT UPON THESE AREAS ; 6. A LANDSCAPED AREA SHALL HA VE A MINIMUM DIMENSION OF THREE FEET (3') ON ANY SIDE ; 7. ALL WATER METER PITS AND/OR WATER VALVE BOXES SHALL BE MAINTAINED AT FINISHED GROUND LEVEL AND PROVISION SHALL BE MADE TO INSURE THAT THEY REMAIN AT GRADE , VISIBLE AND READILY ACCESSIBLE FOR EASY OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND REP AIR ; 8. AT MATURITY, A MINIMUM CLEARANCE OF THREE FEET (3') SHALL BE REQUIRED BETWEEN ALL TREES , SHRUBS AND/OR LANDSCAPING FEATURES AND FIRE DEPARTMENT SPRINKLER CONNECTIONS , FIRE HYDRANTS AND/OR ALARM NOTIFICATION DEVICES; AND 9 . NO ARTIFICIAL TREES , SHRUBS , TURF OR PLANTS OR OTHER NON-LIVING PLANT MATERIALS SHALL BE USED TO FULFILL THE LIVING PLANT MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SECTION. G . LANDSCAPING IN OFF-STREET PARKING AREAS: LANDSCAPING OF OFF-STREET PARKING AREAS IS INTENDED TO IMPROVE THE AESTHETIC APPEARANCE OF PARKING LOTS AND TO PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE APPEARANCE, CHARACTER AND VALUE OF SURRO U NDING PROPERTY. IF A SITE WHICH IS SUBJECT TO THIS SECTION INCLUDES AN OFF-STREET PARKING AREA, THE FOLLOWING SHALL APPLY: 1. LANDSCAPING IN OFF-STREET PARKING AREAS SHALL BE COUNTED TOWARD THE MINIMUM TOT AL LANDSCAPING REQUIRED ; 2 . LANDSCAPED PERIMETERS , ISLANDS , MEDIANS , OR PENINSULAS SHALL HA VE A MINIMUM DIMENSION OF THREE FEET (3') ON ANY SIDE ; 3. INTERIOR LANDSCAPI G OF OFF-STREET PARKING AREAS SHALL SERVE THE PURPOSES OF AESTHETICALLY BREAKING UP PAVEMENT AND GUIDING THE CIRCULATION OF VEHICLES AND PEDESTRIANS WITHIN THE PARKING LOT. AT LEAST TEN PERCENT (10%) OF THE INTERIOR OF A PARKING LOT SHALL BE LANDSCAPED IF THE LOT CONTAINS MORE THAN TWENTY (20) PARKING SPACES OR IS MORE THAJ."'J SIX THOUSAND SQUARE FEET (6 ,000') IN AREA ; -7- 4. THE PERIMETER OF ALL OFF-STREET PARKING AREAS ADJACENT TO THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY SHALL BE LANDSCAPED REGARDLESS OF LOT SIZE OR NUMBER OF PARKING SPACES. PERIMETER LANDSCAPING AT THE ALLEY IS ENCOURAGED; 5 . ALL PERIMETER AND INTERIOR LANDSCAPING SHALL COMPLY WITH TRAFFIC SIGHT DISTANCE TRIANGLE REQUIREMENTS AS DETERMINED BY THE CITY TRAFFIC ENGINEER; 6 . INTERIOR LANDSCAPING REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL NOT APPLY TO OUTDOOR DISPLAY AREAS , 7. IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT BECAUSE OF THE WIDE VARIETY OF TYPES OF DEVELOPMENTS AND PARKING CONFIGURATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM, MINOR DEVIATIONS MAY BE GRANTED BY THE CITY , WHENEVER SUCH DEVIATIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO SATISFY THE INTENT OF THIS SECTION. H. LANDSCAPE MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS: AT LEAST ONE (1) TREE AND FIVE (5) SHRUBS SHALL BE PROVIDED PER SEVEN HUNDRED AND FIFTY SQUARE FEET (750 SQ .') OF LANDSCAPED AREA REQUIRED BY THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION. SHOULD THE LANDSCAPED AREA BE LESS THAN ONE THOUSAND SQUARE FEET (1 ,000 SQ.'), A MINIMUM OF TWO (2) TREES AND TEN (10) SHRUBS SHALL BE REQUIRED . THE PLANTING OF TREES AND SHRUBS SHALL COMPLY WITH THE FOLLOWING INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS : 1. LANDSCAPE AREAS SHALL HA VE PLANT MATERIAL SELECTED AND PLANTING METHODS USED WHICH ARE SUITABLE FOR THE SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REGION AND THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE SITE. SIZES OF THE PLANT MATERIALS SHALL CONFORM TO THE FOLLOWING MIX: TREES: SHRUBS: GROUND COVER: 50 %, 2" CALIPER DECIDUOUS OR 6 FOOT TALL EVERGREEN 50 %, 3" CALIPER DECIDUOUS OR 8 FOOT TALL EVERGREEN 100%, 5 GALLON 100%, 1 GALLON SPACED FOR COVERAGE WITHIN 2 YEARS 2 . TREES SHALL BE OF A LONG-LIVED AND CLEAN CHARACTER. FURTHER THEY SHALL REQUIRE LITTLE MAINTENANCE, BE STRUCTURALLY STRONG, INSECT AND DISEASE RESISTANT, AND REQUIRE LITTLE PRUNING. 3. ALL ROCKS AND STONES USED IN LANDSCAPED AREAS SHALL BE A MINIMUM OF 3/8 INCHES IN SIZE, AND INSTALLED TO A MINIMUM DEPTH OF TWO INCHES (2 ") OR AS NECESSARY TO ADEQUATELY COVER THE AREA. -8- • • • • • 4. MINIMUM MULCH DEPTH SHALL BE FOUR INCHES (4 "). 5. THE FOLLOWING SPECIES SHALL BE PROHIBITED: BOX ELDER (ACER NEGUNDO), COTTONWOOD (FEMALE POPULUS DELTOIDES), SIBERIAN ELM (ULMUS PUMILA). 6 A WATER PERMEABLE LANDSCAPE FABRIC SHALL BE REQUIRED IN ALL SHRUB BEDS. 7. ALL GRASSED OR BED AREAS SHALL BE AMENDED WITH A MINIMUM OF THREE (3) CUBIC YARDS OF ORGANIC MATTER (COMPOST) PER ONE THOUSAND SQUARE FEET (1,000 ') OF AREA. ORGANIC MATTER SHALL BE TILLED INTO THE SOIL TO A MINIMUM DEPTH OF 4 -6 INCHES (4"-6"). 8. CLUMP OR MULTI-STEM TREES SHALL BE CONSIDERED AS A UNIT; THAT IS, AS ONE (1) TREE . I. CREDIT FOR PRESERVATION OF EXISTING TREES: APPLICANTS MAY RECEIVE CREDIT TOWARDS THE TREE REQUIREMENTS OF E.M.C. 16-5-3-H BY THE PRESERVATION OF EXISTING TREES , AS OUTLINED IN THE FOLLOWING SCHEDULE: EXISTING TREES TREE CREDIT 1 TREE , 2" TO 6" CALIPER 1 1 TREE, >6" TO 12" CALIPER 2 1 TREE, >12" TO 15" CALIPER 3 1 TREE , GREATER THAN 15 " CALIPER 4 THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS MUST BE MET IN ORDER FOR THESE TREE CREDITS TO APPLY: 1. EACH EXISTING TREE SHALL BE IN A HEALTHY AND GROWING CONDITION ; DEAD LIMBS AND BRANCHES SHALL BE PRUNED; 2 . BEFORE SITE PREPARATION AND DURING CONSTRUCTION, EACH EXISTING TREE SHALL BE PROTECTED BY THE PLACEMENT OF A BARRIER AROUND THE AREA OUTSIDE THE DRIP LINE OF THE TREE CANOPY; 3. A MINIMUM OF SEVENTY-FIVE PERCENT (75%) OF THE AREA BELOW THE DRIP LINE OF AN EXISTING TREE SHALL BE MAINTAINED AS A PERMANENT, LANDSCAPED AREA AT THE UNDISTURBED GRADE WHICH EXISTED PRIOR TO SITE DEVELOPMENT UNLESS SPECIAL PROVISIONS ARE MADE FOR THE PROTECTION AND SURVIVAL OF THE TREE. SUCH SPECIAL PROVISIONS , INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE USE OF PERMEABLE PAVING MATERIALS , SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE CITY. 4. SHOULD ANY TREE FOR WHICH CREDIT IS RECEIVED UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION DIE AT ANY TIME , THE -9- OWNER SHALL, WITHIN NINETY (90) DAYS , REPLACE THE TREE -· WITH THE EQUIVALENT SPECIES OR A TREE WHICH WILL OBTAIN THE SAME HEIGHT, SPREAD AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS. THE REPLACEMENT TREE SHALL HA VE A MINIMUM CALIPER OF THREE INCHES (3") WHEN PLANTED. 5 . NO CREDIT SHALL BE ALLOWED FOR PROHIBITED SPECIES. J. LANDSCAPING WITHIN PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY: 1. LANDSCAPING REQUIRED : THE UNPAVED PORTIONS OF THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY ABUTTING A STREET SHALL BE LANDSCAPED . CORNER LOTS SHALL LANDSCAPE FRONT AND SIDE RIGHT-OF-WAY AREAS. THIS LANDSCAPING SHALL CONTAIN A MINIMUM OF ONE (1) TREE OF AT LEAST THREE INCHES (3 ") CALIPER FOR EVERY THIRTY FEET (30 ') OF FRONTAGE. SHOULD TOTAL STREET FRONTAGE BE LESS THAN THIRTY FEET (30 '), A MINIMUM OF ONE (1) TREE IS REQUIRED. LANDSCAPING WITHIN THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY SHALL BE COUNTED AS PART OF THE TOTAL LANDSCAPING REQUIREMENT, PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT SUCH CREDIT SHALL NOT EXCEED ONE-HALF (1/2) OF THE REQUIRED LANDSCAPED AREA OF THE SITE. 2 . RESTRICTIONS: A. SHRUBS AND OTHER SIMILAR LOW-GROWING LANDSCAPE • MATERIALS WHICH MAY EXCEED TWO FEET (2') IN HEIGHT SHALL NOT BE INSTALLED IN THE SIGHT DISTANCE TRIANGLE. B . THE CITY SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF LANDSCAPING INSTALLED IN PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY , NOR SHALL THE CITY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REPLACEMENT OF LANDSCAPE MATERIALS WHICH MUST BE REMOVED DURING THE REPAIR OR MAINTENANCE OF UTILITIES OR OTHER PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS . C . UNDERGROUND SPRINKLER SYSTEMS SHALL NOT BE INSTALLED WITHIN STREET RIGHT-OF-WAY , EXCEPT UPON WRITTEN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY AND THE PROPERTY OWNER UPON TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET BY THE CITY WHICH SHALL INCLUDE AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT BY THE OWNER THAT NO COMPENSATION SHALL BE PAID TO OWNER FOR ANY DAMAGES TO OR RELOCATION COSTS OF THE SPRINKLER SYSTEM RES U LTING FROM FUTURE PUBLIC WORK WITHIN THE RIGHTS-OF-WAY. D . TREES PLANTED NEAR PUBLIC CURBS AND ATTACHED SIDEWALKS SHALL BE SLOWER-GROWING SPECIES , HAVE A • LIMITED ROOT STRUCTURE AND SHALL BE INSTALLED WITH A ROOT BARRIER SYSTEM AS TO PREVENT PHYS I CAL -10- • • • E. F . G . DAMAGE TO SIDEWALKS, CURBS , GUTTERS AND OTHER PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. WHERE TREES ARE PLANTED IN PAVED AREAS , THEY SHALL HAVE A PROTECTIVE TREE GRATE. TREE GRATES SHALL BE CAST IRON, ALUMINUM AND/OR OTHER ACCEPTABLE TREE GRATE MATERIAL . A ROOT BARRIER SYSTEM SHALL BE USED. USE OF SHRUBBERY AND VINES SHALL BE ENCOURAGED ALONG ALL WALLS AND FENCES ADJOINING PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY. PLANTS SHALL NOT BY THEIR GROWTH HABITS OBSTRUCT, RESTRICT OR CONFLICT WITH THE SAFE USE OF ANY ROADWAY, SIDEWALK, ALLEY OR UTILITIES. K. SC REENING RE QUIREMENTS: LANDSCAPE SCREENING IS INTENDED TO PHYSICALLY BUFFER AND VISUALLY SHIELD ADJACENT LAND USES THAT ARE NOT FULLY COMPATIBLE . 1. EVERY DEVELOPMENT , SHALL PROVIDE SUFFICIENT SCREENING SO THAT ADJACENT PROPERTIES ARE EFFECTIVELY SHIELDED FROM ANY ADVERSE IMPACTS OF THAT DEVELOPMENT , OR SO THAT THE NEW USE SCREENS ITSELF FROM POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM USES ALREADY IN OPERATION. 2. SCREENING SHALL BE REQUIRED BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING LAND USES AND/OR ZONE DISTRICTS : A. RESIDENTIAL USES AND ALL OTHER LAND USES ; B . COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL USES ; C. PARKING LOTS AND PUBLIC RIGHT -OF-WAY; AND D. AS DETERMINED BY THE CITY. 3 . SCREENING REQUIREMENTS SHALL BE IN ADDITION TO LANDSCAPING REQUIREMENTS. 4. WHENEVER STRUCTURES SUCH AS FENCES OR WALLS ARE USED TO CREATE A SCREEN, PLANTS SHALL BE LOCATED ON THE SIDES OF THE STRUCTURE WHICH ARE VISIBLE FROM ADJACENT RIGHT-OF-WAY ; -1 1 - 5. SCREENING CRITERIA: A. SCREENING MAY BE COMPOSED OF A SOLID FENCE, SEMI- OPAQUE LANDSCAPING , OR COMBINATIONS THEREOF ; B . SCREENING SHALL BE A MINIMUM OF THREE FEET (3 ') IN HEIGHT; C . FENCING SHALL COMPLY WITH E.M .C. 16-4-17 ; D . SCREENING SHALL NOT EXTEND INTO THE TRAFFIC SIGHT DISTANCE TRIANGLE ; 6 . IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT BECAUSE OF THE WIDE VARIETY OF TYPES OF DEVELOPMENTS AND THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THEM, MINOR SCREENING REQUIREMENT DEVIATIONS MAY BE GRANTED BY THE CITY , WHENEVER SU CH DEVIATIONS ARE MORE LIKELY TO SATISFY THE INTENT OF THIS SECTION. L . PLANTING CRITERIA: 1. TREES SHALL BE OF SPE CIES WHICH NORMALLY GROW TO A MAT URE HEIGHT OF AT LEAST FIFTEEN FEET (15 ') IN THE DENVER METROPOLITAN AREA. A LIST OF RE COMMENDED TREES FOR ENGLEWOOD MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE CITY. 2 . TREES OF SPECIES WHOSE ROOTS ARE LIKELY TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO PUBLIC ROADWAYS , SIDEWALKS , OTHER PUBLIC WORKS AND OFF-STREET PARKING FACILITIES , SHALL NOT BE PLANTED CLOSER THAN TWELVE FEET (12 ') TO SUCH F ACILITIES . 3. TREES , SHRUBS , ANNUAL AND /OR PERE N NIAL PLANTS , VINES , GRASS , AND GROUND COVER PLANTED TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SECTION SHALL BE GOOD, HEALTHY NURSERY GROWN STOCK. 4. GRASS AREAS SHALL BE PLANTED IN SPE CIES NORMALLY GROWN AS PERMANENT LAWNS IN THE DENVER METROPOLITAN AREA. GRASS AREAS MAY BE SODDED , PLUGGED , SPRIGGED OR SEEDED , EXCEPT THAT SOLID SOD SHALL BE USED IN SW ALES OR OTHER AREAS SUBJECT TO EROSION. 5 . ALL PLANTINGS SHALL MEET OR EXCEED STANDARDS ESTABLISHED BY THE COLORADO N U RSERY AC T (COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF AGRIC U LT U RE ) AND THE AMERICA N STA NDARDS FOR NU RSERY STO CK (AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN). -12- • • • • • I 6. SHRUBS AND OTHER PLANT MATERIALS WITH THORNS , SPINES , SEEDPODS OR LARGE FRUITS SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED WITHIN TEN FEET (10 ') OF SIDEWALKS . 7 . TREES SHALL BE PLANTED SO THAT AT MATURITY THEY DO NOT INTERFERE WITH OVERHEAD UTILITY LINES. M. VISIBILI TY: LANDSCAPING SHALL NOT OBSTRUCT THE VISIBILITY OF PEDESTRIANS AND VEHICULAR TRAFFIC AT INTERSECTIONS OR POINTS OF INGRESS AND EGRESS . NO LANDSCAPING WHICH EXCEEDS AN ELEVATION OF THE TOP-OF-CURB PLUS TWO (2) FEET SHALL BE ALLOWED IN SUCH AREAS , EXCEPT FOR SINGLE TRUNK TREES WHICH ARE OF SUCH SIZE AND SO SPACED THAT NO VISIBLE OBSTRUCTION AND/OR TRAFFIC HAZARD IS CREATED . DETERMINATIONS REGARDING VIS UAL OBSTRUCTIONS SHALL BE MADE BY THE CITY TRAFFIC ENGINEER. N . WAT E R C O NSERVATION (XE RISCAPE) P R INCIPLES : APPLICANTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO FOLLOW XERISCAPE , OR WATER CONSERVATION, PRINCIPLES IN MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SECTION. XERISCAPE PRINCIPLES INCLUDE THE USE OF MULCHES , NATIVE AND ADAPTED LOWER WATER DEMAND PLANTS , LIMITED TURF AREAS , AND EFFICIENT WATERING METHODS ; RESULTING IN SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER WATER USE AND DECREASED MAINTENANCE . 0 . APPEAL: APPEALS WHICH ALLEGE ERROR IN ANY ORDER, REQU IREMENT, DECISION OR DETERMINATION MADE BY THE CITY IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE PROVISIONS IN THIS SECTION SHALL BE HEARD BY THE BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT AND APPEALS , PURSUANT TO E .M.C. 16-3-1 , HEARING & APPEALS . P . C O MPLE TION: THE CITY SHALL NOT ISSUE A CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY FOR ANY BUILDING , U SE OR STRUCTURE TO WHICH THIS SECTION APPLIES UNTIL THE LANDSCAPING HAS BEEN INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE APPROVED LANDSCAPE PLAN . IN EXTENUATI N G CIRCUMSTAN CES , SU CH AS ADVERSE WEATHER, WHERE OCC UPANCY IS REQU ESTED PRIOR TO COMPLETION OF LANDSCAPING , THE OWNER SHALL ENTER INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH THE CITY GUARANTEEING THAT THE REQUIRED LANDSCAPING WILL BE COMPLETED WITHIN ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY (180) DAYS OR A DATE SPECIFIED BY THE CITY. Q . IRRIGATIO N: THE IRRIGATION OF ALL LANDSCAPED AREAS SHALL BE PROVIDED FOR BY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING METHODS: 1. A FULLY AU TOMATIC OR MANU AL U NDERGROUND IRRIGATION SYSTEM ; OR 2. A HOSE ATTACHMENT WITHIN ONE H U NDRED FEET (100') OF ALL LANDSCAPED MATERIALS . R. MAINTENANCE: -13- 1. MAINTENANCE OF APPROVED LANDSCAPING SHALL CONSIST OF REGULAR WATERING , MOWING , PRUNING, FERTILIZING, CLEARING OF DEBRIS AND WEEDS , THE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT OF DEAD PLANTS , AND THE REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES . PLANT MATERIAL WHICH DIES SHALL BE REPLACED WITH PLANT MATERIAL OF SIMILAR VARIETY AND SIZE WITHIN ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY (180) DAYS. 2 . PRIOR TO THE ISSUANCE OF A CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY, THE PROPERTY OWNER SHALL FILE A MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT . THE AGREEMENT SHALL ENSURE THAT IF THE LANDOWNER, OR SUBSEQUENT OWNERS , FAILS TO MAINTAIN THE REQUIRED/ INSTALLED SITE IMPROVEMENTS , THE CITY WILL BE ABLE TO FILE AN APPROPRIATE LIEN(S) AGAINST THE PROPERTY IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH THE REQUIRED MAINTENANCE . 3 . PROPERTY OWNER AND TENANT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE AND ASSOCIATED LIABILITIES. Section 2 . The Englewood City Council hereby amends Title 16 , Chapter 8, Section 1, of the Englewood Municipal Code , 1985 with the addition of the following definitions , in alphabetical, order to the definitions as follow s : 16-8 -1: D EFINITIONS: ANNUAL CALIPER DRIP LINE EVERGREEN MULCH A PLANT THAT COMPLETES ITS LIFE CYCLE IN ONE GROWING SEASON. THE INCH DIAMETER OF THE TRUNK OF A TREE MEASURED SIX INCHES (6") ABOVE GRADE FOR NEW TREES. A VERTICAL LINE EXTENDING FROM THE OUTERMOST BRANCHES OF A TREE TO THE GROUND. A PLANT WITH FOLIAGE THAT PERSISTS AND REMAINS GREEN YEAR ROUND . NONLIVING ORGANIC AND SYNTHETIC MA TE RIALS CUSTOMARILY USED IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN TO RETARD EROSION AND RETAIN MOISTURE. -14- I I • I I I NEW DEVELOPMENT OUTDOOR DISPLAY AREA PERENNIAL REDEVELOPMENT ROOT BARRIER SYSTEM SHRUB TREE XERISCAPE DEVELOPMENT OF A SITE WHERE LESS THAN FIFTY PERCENT (50%) OF THE EXISTING STRUCTURE(S) IS RETAINED AND INCORPORATED INTO THE NEW STRUCTURE. AN OUTDOOR, UNROOFED AREA WHERE MERCHANDISE OR VEHICLES ARE DISPLAYED FOR MORE THAN TWENTY- FOUR (24) HOURS. A PLANT THAT REGROWS FROM THE SAME ROOT STOCK YEAR AFTER YEAR. DEVELOPMENT OF A SITE WHERE FIFTY PERCENT (50%) OR MORE OF THE EXISTING STRUCTURE(S) IS RETAINED AND INCORPORATED INTO THE NEW STRUCTURE . A PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL BARRIER THAT PROHIBITS OR DISCOURAGES LATERAL ROOT GROWTH UNDER SIDEWALKS AND OTHER HARDSCAPE AREAS . A SELF-SUPPORTING WOODY PERENNIAL PLANT OF LOW OR MEDIUM HEIGHT CHARACTERIZED BY MULTIPLE STEMS AND BRANCHES CONTINUOUS FROM THE BASE , US UAL LY NOT MORE THAN TEN FEET (10 ') IN HEIGHT AT MATURITY. LARGE , SELF-SUPPORTING WOODY PERENNIAL PLANT WHICH NORMALLY GROWS TO A MATURE HEIGHT OF AT LEAST FIFTEEN FEET (15'), USUALLY WITH ONE MAIN STEM OR TRUNK AND MANY BRANCHES . MAY BE DECIDUOUS OR EVERGREEN . LANDSCAPE METHODS WHICH CONSERVE WATER THROUGH THE USE OF DROUGHT-TOLERANT PLANTS AND PLANTING TECHNIQUES . Section 3 . Safety Clauses . The City Council, hereby finds , determines, and declares that this Ordinance is promulgated under the general police power of the City of Englewood, that it is promulgated for the health, safety, and welfare of the public , and that this Ordinance is nece ssary for the preservation of health and safety and for the protection of public convenience and welfare. The City Council further determines that the Ordinance bears a rational relation to the proper legislative object sought to be ob t ained. -15- Section 4. Severability. If any clause , sentence, paragraph, or part of this Ordinance or the application thereof to any person or circumstances shall for any reason be adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction invalid, such judgment shall not affect impair or invalidate the remainder of this Ordinance or its application to other persons or circumstances . Section 5 . Inconsistent Ordinances. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed a waiver of the provisions of any other Code section or regulation applicable to landscaping. If there is a conflict between the regulations in this Section and any other Code section or regulations , the more stringent regulations shall apply. Section 6. Effect of repeal or modification . The repeal or modification of any provision of the Code of the City of Englewood by this Ordinance shall not release , extinguish, alter, modify, or change in whole or in part any penalty, forfeiture , or liability , either civil or criminal, which shall have been incurred under such provision, and each provision shall be treated and held as still remaining in force for the purposes of sustaining any and all proper actions, suits , proceedings, and prosecutions for the enforcement of the penalty, forfeiture , or liability, as well as for the purpose of sustaining any judgment, decree , or order which can or may be rendered, entered, or made in such actions, suits , proceedings, or prosecutions. Section 7. Penalty . The Penalty Provision of E .M.C. Section 1-4-1 shall apply to each and every violation of this Ordinance. Introduced, read in full, and passed on first reading on the 2nd day of March, 1998. Published as a Bill for an Ordinance on the 6th day of March, 1998 . A Public Hearing was held on April 20 , 1998 . Introduced read in full , amended and passed as an amended Bill for an Ordinance on 4th day of May, 1998. Published as an amended Bill for an Ordinance on the 3th day of May, 1998. Read by title and passed on final reading on the 18th day of May, 1998. Published by title as Ordinance No . 3/_, Series of 1998, on the 22nd day of May, 1998. -16- I I I I I I I, Loucrishia A. Ellis , City Clerk of the City of Englewood, Colorado, hereby certify that the above and foregoing is a true cop~ 9f the Ordinance passed on final reading and published by title as Ordinance No . 2.L Series of 19 . -17- ' COUNCIL COMMUNICATION Date Agenda Item Subject Case OR-98-01 Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance Amendment - May 4, 1998 11 b i Landscaping Standards Initiated By Staff Source Tricia Langon Neighborhood and Business Development Neighborhood and Environmental Technician COUNCIL GOAL AND PREVIOUS COUNCIL ACTION Council considered the proposed amendments to the Landscaping Standards of the Englewood Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance on first reading on March 2 , 1998. Council conducted a study session on March 30, 1998 to review the proposed amendments . Council requested language clarification in two sections and the addition of landscape requ i rements for public facil ities. Council held a Public Hearing on April 20 , 1998, and directed staff to clarify language regarding PUD district landscaping requirements. RECOMMENDED ACTION • Staff recommends that Council approve motions to amend Landscaping Standards Ordinance . BACKGROUND, ANALYSIS, AND ALTERNATIVES IDENTIFIED Englewood Planning and Zoning Commission requested review of the current ordinance and preparation of revisions focused on improving quality of life standards in the C ity . The ordinance is intended to provide minimum landscaping quality and quantity standards , fair and equ itable administration of requirements and enhance the quality of life in the City. The proposed ordinance is applicable to all properties in the City of Englewood and was approved by the Planning Commiss ion on February 3 , 1998. FINANCIAL IMPACT No financial impact to the City. LIST OF ATTACHMENTS Landscaping Standards Ordinance Motions to Amend Bill for Ordinance Landscaping Standards Ordinance -Motions to Amend Motion: Move to amend Council Bill No. 13, the Landscaping Standards Ordinance, by making any or all of the changes as listed below. 1. Move to amend 16-5-26-D(l)(e). Landscaped Area Requirements to read: PUD district landscaping requirements shall be determined on a case-by-case basis. Consideration shall be given to the type of development use AND ADJACENT USES . PUD landscape requirements shall be guided by requirements established for similar developments in similar zone districts THE DISTRICT'S PREDOMINANT DEVELOPMENT USE AND BY REQUIREMENTS ESTABLISHED FOR SIMILAR DEVELOPMENTS IN SIMILAR ZONE DISTRICTS . 2 . Move to amend 16-5-26-D(l)(f). Landscaped Area Requirements with the addition of a new subsection to read: WATER, WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND OTHER SIMILAR LARGE-SCALE PUBLIC FACILITIES ; WHERE COMPLIANCE TO DISTRICT ZONE REQUIREMENTS MAY NOT BE FEASIBLE OR PRACTICAL, AN ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE PLAN MAY BE SUBMITTED . 3 . Move to amend 16-5-26-F(5). General Requirements to read: All landscaped OFF-STREET PARKING areas adjacent to vehicular areas shall be protected from vehicular traffic by concrete curbing or other devices acceptable to the City which prohibit vehicular access to and encroachment upon these areas ; 4. Move to amend 16-5-26-L(6). Planting Criteria to read: Shrubs and other plant materials with thorns , spines, seed pods or large fruits shall not be permitted within ten feet (10 ') of sidewalks 01· other pcdcsti·ian ttreftS-. ' • ... •• I Colorado Dep-artment of Agriculture DIVISION OF ·PLANT INDUSTRY RULES AND REGULATIONS COLORADO NURSERY ACT COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Division of Plant Industry 700 Kipling, Suite 4000 Lakewood. Colorado 80215-5894 • • RULES AND REGULATIONS PERTAINING TO THE ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE COLORADO NURSERY ACT Pursuant to the provisions and requirements of the Colorado Nursery Act to regulate the sale and distribution of nursery stock, and by authority of Title 35, Article 26, Section 111, CRS 1973, the following rules and regulations are hereby promulgated: 26-1.0 DEFINITIONS 26-2.0 GRADING OF NURSERY STOCK 26-2.l DECIDUOUS TREES 26-2.2 DECIDUOUS SHRUBS 26-2.3 EVERGREENS 26-2.4 ROSE GRADES 26-2.5 VINES 26-2.6 FRUIT TREES 26-2.7 FRUIT TREE SEEDLINGS 26-2.8 SMALL FRUITS 26-2.9 LINING OUT STnCK 26-2.10 SEEDLING TREE; AND SHRUBS 26-2.11 BALLING & BURLAPPING SPECIFICATIONS 26-2.12 SPECIFICATIONS FOR BALLED & POTTED STOCK 26-3.0 26-4.0 26-5.0 26-6.0 26-7.0 CONDITION OF NURSERY STOCK 26-3.1 INSECT PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES 26-3.2 CONTAINER STOCK 26-3.3 BARE ROOT STOCK 26-3.4 BALLED STOCK 26-3.5 TURFGRASS SOD 26-3.6 BENCH PACKED STOCK SPECIAL LABELING REQUIREMENTS 26-4.1 BENCH PACKED STOCK 26-4.2 TURFGRASS SOD FEES 26-5.1 INSPECTION FEES -ACTUAL COST 26-5.2 REGISTRATION FEES REQUIREMENTS FOR COLLECTORS 26-6.1 AUTHORIZATION FOR COLLECTION OF NURSERY STOCK STANDARDS AND FEES FOR QUALIFICATION OF NURSERY STOCK INSPECTORS 26-7.1 DEMONSTRATION OF KNOWLEDGE 26-7.2 FEE FOR QUALIFYING • • • •· 26-1.1 26-1.2 26-1.3 26-1.4 • 26-1.5 26-1.6 26-1. 7 26-1.8 26-1. 9 • 26-1.10 26-1.0 DEFINITIONS "Balled and burlapped stock" means that nursery stock which has been removed from the growing site with a ball of soil, containing the root system, left intact and encased in burlap or other similar material to hold the soil in place, and shall also include that nursery stock which has been removed from the growing site by a mechanical spade or other machine with a ball of soil, containing the root system, left intact but not necessarily encased in burlap or other similar material. "Balled and potted stock" means that nursery stock which has been removed from the growing site with a ball of soil, containing the root system, left intact and placed in a container. "Bare root stock" means that nursery stock which has been removed from the growing site with the root system substantially free of soil. "Container grown stock" means that nursery stock which has been planted in a container with the root system in soil, or other potting mixture capable of sustaining normal plant growth, and which has become established in the container and exhibits a well-rooted condition as evidenced by the soil ball remaining intact when removed from said container. "Etiolated growth" means bleached and unnatural growth resulting from the exclusion of sunlight. "Packaged stock" means that bare root nursery stock packed with the roots in peat, shingletow, or other moisture-retaining material encased in plastic film or other material designed to hold the moisture-retaining material in place. "Plantable container" means a container which, when planted in the soil, will allow root penetration within one growing season. "Potted stock" means that nursery stock which has been planted in a container with the roots in soil or other potting mixture capable of sustaining normal plant growth, which has not become established as described in 26-1.4 of these definitions. "Primary bud" means the most vigorous bud at a node. "Prohibited weeds in turfgrass sod" means the following plant species except when any of these species is labeled for sale purposes in accordance with Section , 26-1.11 26-1.12 26-1.13 26-1.14 26-1.15 35-26-104 (3), CRS 1973, as amended, and 26-4.2 of these .• rules and regulations: -_ 1. 2. 3. Bentgrass stands) Bluegrass, Quackgrass (Agrostis spp. except rough (Poa trivialis) (Agropyron repens) in pure 11 Weeds 11 means any plant species other than the species labeled in accordance with Section 35-26 -104 (1), CRS 1973, and 26-4.2 of these rules and regulations. "Bench packed stock" means that nursery stock with the roots packed in a growing medium mixture to form a ball, and encased in burlap or other similar material to hold the growing medium in place. "Blend" means a combination of varieties of the same species of turfgrass in any percentages. "Mixture" means a combination of two or more different species (kinds) of turfgrasses. "Named blend or mixture" means the sales name which has been given to a particular blend or mixture by the grower. This sales name shall identify the grower and may or may not disclose the varieties or kinds or percentages of each in the blend or mixture. • 26-1.16 "Sell or offer for sale" and "sale" mean, for the 26-2.1 purposes of the Colorado Nursery Act and these rules and regulations, all times in which the person engaged in the business of selling nursery stock has custody or control of the nursery stock, including those acts leading to the transfer, or the transfer of the nursery stock for consideration either in money or its equivalent. For the purposes of the Colorado Nursery Act and these rules and regulations, the transfer shall not be deemed to have .. occurred until such time that the person engaged in the business of selling nursery stock ceases to have custody or control of the nursery stock. 26-2.0 GRADING OF NURSERY STOCK DECIDUOUS TREES HEIGHT MEASUREMENT Height shall be given in single foot units up to 6 ft.; example: 5-6 ft. Over 6 ft. height shall be given • in double foot units; example: 6-8 ft ., 12-14 ft. -2 - • • • CALIPER MEASUREMENT Caliper of the trunk shall be taken 6 inches above the ground level up to and including 4 inch caliper size and 12 inches above ground level for the larger sizes. Caliper shall be the determining measurement in grading. HEIGHT RELATIONSHIP TO CALIPER Height measurement should be expressed as approved height range. The table in Type 1 shows the approved height range and also the maximum heights permitted. The grades specified are for minimum heights only, for general varieties. Type 1 . Standard Shade Trees The height relationship to caliper will for most standard shade trees be as follows: Height Maximum Cali12er Range Height 1/2 to 3/4 in.------5 to 6 ft.-----8 ft. 3/4 to 1 in.------6 to 8 ft.-----10 ft. 1 to 1 1/4 in.------7 to 9 ft.-----11 ft. 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 in.------8 to 10 ft .-----12 ft. 1 1/2 to 1 3/4 in.-----10 to 12 ft.-----14 ft. 1 3/4 to 2 in.-----10 to 12 ft.-----14 ft. 2 to 2 1/2 in.-----12 to 14 ft.-----16 ft. 2 1/2 to 3 in.-----12 to 14 ft.-----16 ft. 3 to 3 1/2 in.-----14 to 16 ft.-----18 ft. 3 1/2 to 4 in.-----14 to 16 ft.-----18 ft. 4 to 5 in.-----16 to 18 ft.-----22 ft. 5 to 6 in.-----18 ft. and up----26 ft. Tyt?e 2. Slower Growing Shade Trees Trees of slower growth which will not usually attain the height measurement in relation to caliper as in Type 1. The height shall, however, be not less than two- .. thirds the height relationship given for Type 1. Type 3. Small Trees This is a broad group including small trees as well as "standard" forms of plants which may be grown as a clump or shrub. Height shall be the governing measurement. For single stem plants the minimum relationship of caliper and branching will usually be as follows: 2 to 3 ft• t 5/16 in. caliper, 3 or more branches 3 to 4 ft• t 7/16 in. caliper, 4 or more branches 4 to 5 ft• t 9/16 in. caliper, 5 or more branches 5 to 6 ft• t 11/16 in. caliper, 6 or more branches 6 to 8 ft• t 7/8 in. caliper, 6 or more branches -~ - 26-2.2 ROOT SPREAD -BARE ROOT NURSERY GROWN All bare root trees shall have a heavy fibrous root system which has been developed by proper cultural treatment, transplanting and root pruning. The following table represents the minimum root spread for nursery grown shade trees: Min. Root Cali12er Height Ranoe SQ read 1/2 to 3/4 in.-----5 to 6 ft.------12 in. 3/4 to 1 in.-----6 to 8 ft.------16 in. 1 to 1 1/4 in.-----7 to 9 ft.------18 in. 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 in.-----8 to 10 ft.------20 in. 1 1/2 to 1 3/4 in.-----10 to 12 ft.------22 in. 1 3/4 to 2 in.-----10 to 12 ft.------24 in. 2 to 2 1/2 in.-----12 to 14 ft.------28 in. 2 1/2 to 3 in.-----12 to 14 ft.------32 in. 3 to 3 1/2 in.-----14 to 16 ft.------38 in. ROOT SPREAD -BARE ROOT COLLECTED Trees collected from native stands or established plantings must be so designated. The spread of roots, bare root trees, shall be 1/3 greater than the spread of roots, bare root nursery grown, as tabulated above. DECIDUOUS SHRUBS HEIGHT MEASUREMENT Dwarf and Semi-dwarf Shrubs: State height in inches up to 24 inches, usually in 3 inch series; example: 3-6 in., 6-9 in. Larger than 24 inches state height in feet with 1/2 foot series; example: 2 to 2 1/2 ft., 2 1/2 to 3 ft. Strong Growing Shrubs: Grade in a 6 inch series up ··to 24 inches; example: 12 to 18 in. ; over 24 inches by single feet up to 6 feet; then in double feet above 6 feet; example: 8-10 ft. DEFINITION OF CANE AND CLUMP A cane shall be considered a primary stem which starts from the ground or close to the ground at a point not higher than one-fourth the height of the plant. A clum12 indicates a plant with at least double the number of canes required for standard material. ROOT SPREAD -BARE ROOT NURSERY GROWN Roots of deciduous shrubs shall be well branched and -4 - • • • • • • fibrous and bare root shrubs shall have a minimum root spread as follows: Size of Plant-18 to 24 in. 2-3 ft. 3-4 ft. 4-5 ft. Min. Root Spread-10 in. 11 in. 14 in. 16 in. Size of Plant-5 to 6 ft. 6 to 8 ft. Min. Root Spread-18 in. 20 in. ROOT SPREAD -BARE ROOT COLLECTED Shrubs collected from native stands or established plantings must be so designated. The spread of roots, bare root collected, shall be 1/3 greater than the spread of roots of nursery grown shrubs as tabulated above. Type 1 -Shrubs: Dwarf and Semi-dwarf 12-15 in. shrubs shall have not less than 4 canes, 12 in. and up 15-18 in. shrubs shall have not less than 4 canes, 15 in. and up 18-24 in. shrubs shall have not less than 5 canes, 18 in. and up 2-2 1/2 ft. shrubs shall have ft. and up 2 1/2-3 ft. shrubs shall have 1/2 ft. and up Examples: Berberis thunbergi minor Philadelphus coronarius aureus Potentilla f ruticosa Ribes alpinum Type 2 not not less than 6 canes, less than 7 canes, Rosa rugosa Spiraea bumalda 2 2 'Anthony Waterer' 1 1/2-2 ft. shrubs shall have not less than 3 canes, 1 1/2 ft. and up 2-3 ft. shrubs shall have not less than 4 canes, 2 ft. and up 3-4 ft. shrubs shall have not less than 6 canes, 4 ft and up Examples: Cornus alba, sibirica, stolonif era Kolkwitzia amabilis Ligustrum amurense, ibolium -· Ci - Lingustrum ibota, vulgare Philadelphus lemoinei Rosa multiflora, setigera Spiraea, tall varieties Type 3 1 1/2-2 ft. shrubs shall have not less than 3 canes, 1 1/2 ft. and up 2-3 ft. shrubs shall have and up 3-4 ft. shrubs shall have and up 4-5 ft. shrubs shall have and up Examples: Acanthopanax sieboldianus Alnus rugosa Amelanchier not less not less not less Aronia arbutifolia, melanocarpa Cornus sanguinea Corylus americana Cotoneaster acutif olia Euonymus americana Forsythia, all varieties Hamamelis Hibiscus, bush form than 3 than 4 than 5 Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora 'Snowhill' Hydrangea paniculata grandif lora PG canes, 2 ft. canes, 3 ft. canes, 4 ft. • Kerria japonica • Ligustrum obtusifolium Philadelphus, all standard var. Prunus triloba, bush form Prunus cistena Rhamnus cathartica, frangula Rosa blanda Sambucus canadensis cutleaf Gold Sorbaria aitchisoni, arborea, sorbifolia Symphoricarpos chennaulti, mollis, occidentalis, albus, orbiculatus Syringa chinenis, amurensis, japonica, josikea, persica, villosa .. Viburnum dentatum, lantana, molle, opulus, tomentosum, trilobum, cassinoides Type 4 1 1/2-2 ft. shrubs shall have not less than 2 canes, 1 1/2 ft. and up 2-3 ft. shrubs shall have not less than 2 canes, 2 ft. and up 3-4 ft. shrubs shall have not less than 3 canes, 3 ft. and up 4-5 ft. shrubs shall have not less than 4 canes, 4 ft. and up -6 - • • • .. • Examples: Euonymus alatus, atropurpureus, europaeus Lespedeza bicolor Arnorpha f ruticosa Baccharis halimif olia Caragana arborescens Chioanthus virginica Colutea arborescens Cornus alternifolia, Rhamnus cathartica, mas Cotinus americanus, coggygria E 1 e a g n u s angustifolia, commutata, umbel la ta f rangula Syringa vulgaris, alba Tamar ix Viburnum lentagoeuropaeus Type 5 1 1/2-2 ft. shrubs with 1 or more canes 1 1/2 ft. and in height 5/16 in. cal. 2-3 ft. shrubs with 1 or more canes 2 ft. and up height 3/8 in. cal. 3-4 ft. shrubs with 1 or more canes 3 ft. and up height 1/2 in. cal . up in in 4-5 ft. shrubs with 1 or more canes 4 ft. and up in height 5/8 in. cal. 5-6 ft. shrubs with 1 or more canes 5 ft. and up in height 7/8 in. cal. Examples: Rhus glabra, glabra laciniata, typhina, typhina laciniata Type 6 -Barberry 12-15 in. Berberis thunbergi, 3 canes or more, 12 in. and up 15-18 in. Berber is thunbergi, 3 canes or more, 15 in. and up 1 1/2-2 ft. Berber is thunbergi, 4 canes or more, 1 1/2 ft. and up 2-2 1/2 ft. Berber is thunbergi, 4 canes or more, 2 ft. and up 2 1/2-3 ft. Berber is thunbergi, 5 canes or more, 2 1/2 ft. and up 3 ft. Berber is thunbergi, 6 canes or more, 3 ft. and up Type 7 -Privet (Hedging) 1 1/2-2 ft. Ligustrum in variety shall have 3 canes or more 1 1/2 ft. and up "7 - 26-2.3 2-3 ft. Ligustrum in variety shall have 4 canes or more 2 ft. and up 3-4 ft. Ligustrum in variety shall have 5 canes or more 3 ft. and up 4-5 ft. Ligustrum in variety shall have 6 canes or more 4 ft. and up Note: For other species see Type 2 and 3. EVERGREENS QUALITY DEFINITIONS The quality of evergreens offered is assumed to be normal for the species of variety unless otherwise designated as: Specimen. (Spec.) This designation may be used to indicate exceptionally heavy, well shaped plants and is usually applied to the larger commercial sizes and plants which have been cut back and trimmed to form a perfectly symmetrical, tightly knit plant. Collected. (Coll.) Natural seedling plants dug from native stands or forest plantings must be so designated . EVERGREENS -CONIFERS Type 1 -Spreading Measurement designates spread (height not considered). Use 3 inch intervals up to 18 inches. Use 6 inch intervals from 18 inches up to 4 feet. Use 1 foot intervals from 4 feet up. Measurement shall be average of plant and not the greatest diameter. Plants properly trimmed and transplanted should measure the same in any directi9n. If a plant is uneven, for example, 15 inches the widest ··way and 9 the narrowest, it should be classified as 12 inch stock. Examples: Juniperus horizontalis and varieties. Type 2 -Semi-Spreading Measurement designates spread. Use 3 inch intervals up to 18 inches. Use 6 inch intervals from 18 inches up to 4 feet. Use 1 foot intervals from 4 feet up. Measurement shall be average as in Type 1. Height of material will be at least one half the -8 - • • • •· • • spread. Above 3 feet the height will be less than the spread, varying somewhat according to the natural growth of the particular species and method of handling. Height Spread 6 to 9 3 to 4 4 to 5 in. up to 3 ft.---same as spread ft.--------------2 1/2 to 3 1/2 ft. ft.--------------3 to 4 ft. Examples: Juniperus chinensis 'Pfitzer', sabina 'Tammy' Type 3 -Globe or Dwarf Measurement designates height. Use 3 inch intervals up to 18 inches. Use 6 inch intervals from 18 inches up to 4 feet. Use 1 foot intervals from 4 feet up. Height 6 to 9 in. up to 12 in. min. spread, 12 to 15 in.-----------min. spread, 15 to 18 in.-----------min. spread, 18 to 24 in.-----------min. spread, 2 to 2 1/2 ft.---------min. spread, 2 1/2 to 3 ft.---------min. spread, 3 to 3 1/2 ft.---------min. spread, Examples: Spread same 10 in. 12 in. 15 in. 18 in. 21 in. 24 in . Juniperus virginiana 'Globe', Picea (Dwarf ball shaped types) Juniperus squamata 'Meyer' Type 4 -Cone (Pyramidal) Measurement designates height. Use 3 inch intervals up to 18 inches. Use 6 inch intervals from 18 inches up to 5 feet. Use 1 foot intervals from 5 to 8 feet. Use 2 foot intervals from 8 feet up. In determining height, measurement shall begin at the soil line and end at a point midway between the uppermost whorl of branches and the tip of the leader. Heioht Spread 12 to 15 in.----------------------------8 to 12 in. 15 to 18 in.----------------------------9 to 15 in. 18 to 24 in. ----------------------------12 to 18 in. 2 to 2 1/2 ft.--------------------------15 to 21 in. 2 1/2 to 3 ft.--------------------------18 to 24 in. 3 to 4 ft.------------------------------21 to 30 in . 4 to 5 ft.----------------------------2 1/2 to 3 ft. 5 to 6 ft.------------------------------3 to 4 ft. -9 - Examples: Abies, Picea, Pseudotsuga menzesii, Pinus (except dwarf types) Type 5 -Broad Upright Measurement designates height. Use same intervals as in Type 4. This group includes all the broader, upright growing evergreens which develop a straight-sided form with many upright branches or "leaders." Height Spread 12 to 15 in.----------------------------8 to 12 in. 15 to 18 in.----------------------------9 to 15 in. 18 to 24 in.---------------------------12 to 18 in. 2 to 2 1/2 ft.-------------------------15 to 21 in. 2 1/2 to 3 ft.-------------------------18 to 24 in. 3 to 4 ft.-----------------------------21 to 30 in. 4 to 5 ft.---------------------------2 1/2 to 3 ft. 5 to 6 ft.-------------------------------3 to 4 ft. Examples: Taxus media 'Hicks', 'Hatfield' Type 6 -Columnar Measurement designates height. Use same intervals as in Type 4. This group includes all the upright growing evergreens which naturally develop a straight- sided form or one that tapers only slightly from the ground to a point more than half the height. Height Spread 12 to 15 in.----------------------------3 to 6 in. 15 to 18 in.----------------------------4 to 7 in. 18 to 24 in.----------------------------5 to 8 in. 2 to 2 1/2 ft.--------------------------6 to 9 in. 2 1/2 to 3 ft. --------------------------? to 10 in. 3 to 4 ft.------------------------------9 to 12 in. 4 to 5 ft .-----------------------------12 to 15 in. 5 to 6 ft.-----------------------------15 to 18 in. 6 to 7 ft.-----------------------------18 to 21 in. 7 to 8 ft.-----------------------------21 to 24 in. 8 to 10 ft.----------------------------24 to 30 in. Examples: Juniperus virginiana (columnar varieties) -10 - ·• • • •• • • EVERGREENS -BROADLEAF Five general types or groups are considered separately as follows: Type 1 -Spreading Measurement designates spread (height not considered). Use 3 inch intervals up to 24 inches. Use 6 inch intervals from 24 inches to 4 feet . Use 1 foot intervals from 4 feet up. Examples: Berberis verruculosa Type 3 -Globe or Dwarf Measurement designates height. Use 3 inch intervals up to 18 inches. Use 6 inch intervals from 18 inches to 4 feet. Use 1 foot intervals from 4 feet up. Height 6 to 9 in.--------------min. 9 to 12 in.--------------min. 12 to 15 in.-------------min. 15 to 18 in.-------------min. 18 to 24 in.-------------min. 2 to 2 1/2 ft.-----------min. Examples: Mahonia aquifolium "Compact" Type 4 -Broad Upright Spread spread 5 in. spread 6 in. spread 7 in. spread 9 in. spread 10 in. spread 14 in. Measurement designates height. Use 3 inch intervals up to 18 inches. Use 6 inch intervals from 18 inches to 3 feet. Use 1 foot intervals from 3 feet up. Height 12 to 15 in.-------------min. 15 to 18 in.-------------min. 18 to 24 in.-------------min. 2 to 2 1/2 ft.-----------min. 3 to 4 ft.---------------min. 4 to 5 ft.---------------min. Examples: Mahonia aquifolium -11 - Spread spread 8 in. spread 10 in. spread 12 in. spread 16 in. spread 24 in. spread 28 in. 26-2.4 Type 5 -Conical Specifications identical to Type 4. This type includes all upright growing broadleaf evergreens which naturally develop into a conical form. Well grown material will have a ratio of height to spread of 3 to 2. A greater spread is acceptable. GENERAL Measurement of height shall begin where the branches start rather than at the ground, if the plant is leggy. It shall stop where the main part of the plant ends and not at the tip of a thin shoot. ROSE GRADES GENERAL The standards specified apply to field grown two year roses when sold either bare root or individually wrapped and packaged, or in cartons. All grades of roses must have a well developed root system and have proportionate weight and caliper according to grade and variety. Roses shall be graded by • size, number and length of canes, and proper • consideration should be given to weight and caliper of canes, depending upon grade and variety. TEA, HYBRID TEA AND GRANDIFLORA; HYBRID PERPETUALS, MOSS AND MISCELLANEOUS BUSH ROSES Grade No. 1 -3 or more strong canes, two of which are to be 18 inches and up, with the exception of a few of the light growing sorts, which are to have 3 or more canes, two of which are to be 16 inches and up, and one cane to be 18 inches and up, branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union. Grade No. 1 1 /2 -2 or more strong canes to be 15 inches and up, with the exception of a few of the light growing sorts which are to have 2 strong canes 13 inches than 3 and up, branched not higher inches above the bud union. Grade No. 2 -2 or more strong canes 12 inches and up, with the exception of a few of the light growing sorts which are to have 2 or more canes 10 inches and up, branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union. -l., - • • • • Grade No. 1 - FLORIBUNDA ROSES 3 or more strong canes, 2 of which are to be 15 inches and up and branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union. Grade No. 1 1/2 -2 or more strong canes to be 14 inches and up, branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union. Grade No. 2 -2 or more strong canes to be 12 inches and up, branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union. POLYANTHA BABY ROSES; DWARF AND LIGHT GROWING FLORIBUNDA ROSES Grade No. 1 -4 or more canes, all to be 12 inches and up and branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union. Grade No. 1 1/2 -3 or more canes, all to be 10 inches and up and branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union. Grade No. 2 -2 or more strong canes, all to be 10 inches and up and branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union. CLIMBING ROSES Grade No. 1 -3 or more strong canes 24 inches and up with the exception of Wichuraiana and Wichuraiana types. These are to have 4 strong canes 24 inches and up, branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union or crown. Grade No. 1 1/2 -2 strong canes 18 inches and up, with the exception of Wichuraiana and Wichuraiana types which are to have 3 strong canes 18 inches and up and branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union or crown. Grade No. 2 -2 strong canes each 14 inches and up with the exception of Wichuraiana and Wichuraiana types which are to have 3 strong canes 16 inches and up and branched not higher than 3 inches above the bud union or crown . -13 - 26-2.5 VINES TYPE 1 -FAST GROWING The fast growing vines which normally produce a number of vigorous woody runners in one or two years shall be graded and designated as follows: 2 Year No. 1 -shall have heavy well branched tops with not less than 3 runners 18 inches and up and a vigorous well developed root system. 2 Year No. 2 -lighter grade than Number 1 but without serious defects. 3 runners 12 inches and up with a root system commensurate with the top. Older vines shall be designated according to age, heavy or light grade, length of runners and other characteristics such as standard, grafted, potted or tubbed. Examples: Celastrus scandens, Lonicera, Parthenocissus quinquefolia engelmanni TYPE 2 -MEDIUM GROWING Woody vines or runner shall heavy or light. usually starting with a single cane be designated by age and grade, 2 Year No. 1 -shall have a heavy well branched top and a vigorous well developed root system. 2 Year No. 2 -lighter grade than the above without serious defects, top not as well branched. Root system must be in proportion to the top. Older vines shall be age, heavy or light grades, other characteristics such potted or tubbed. Examples: designated according to length of runners, and as standard, grafted, Aristolochia, Campsis radicans, Parthenocissus and varieties, tricuspidata, Euonymus radicans Hedera helix, Vitis -14 - • • • • • • TYPE 3 -CLUMP Clump types shall be designated by age and heavy or light grade. Dormant plants may or may not have live runners. In this group a well developed root system and a heal thy well developed crown are the important considerations. Examples: Clematis TYPE 4 -GROUND COVERS Dwarf vines and designated by age, size of and other characteristics species offered. Examples: ground covers are to be clump and length of runners peculiar to the particular Arctostaphylos, Vinca minor, Hedera helix, Euonymus radicans GROUND COVERS -CONTAINER GROWN pots or similar in the container and Ground covers sold in containers shall be established shall exhibit a well rooted following are suggested minimum condition. The specifications: Pot Min. No. Min.Length Variety Size of Runners of Runners Lonicera jap. halliana 2 1/4 in. 2 to 3 4 to 6" Lonicera jap. halliana 3 in. 3 to 6 6 to 8" Lonicera jap. halliana 4 in. 4 to 8 8 to 12" Hedera helix and baltica 2 1/4 in. 2 4 to 6" Hedefa helix and baltica 3 in. 3 6 to 8" Hedera helix and baltica 4 in. 4 8 to 12" Vinca minor 2 1/4 in. 6 to 8 4 to 6" Vinca minor 3 in. 8 to 12 4 to 6" Collected (Coll.) -Plants collected from the wild must be so designated. 26-2.6 FRUIT TREES All trees shall have reasonably straight bodies according to habit of growth. All grades 5/16 and larger shall be branched, except one year Sweet Cherry, and well rooted. The 9/16 and 11/16 shall have 3 or more side -15 - branches. Caliper shall be taken two inches above the collar or bud. Height shall be taken from the collar if • grafted or from the union of the bud and stock if budded. The caliper shall govern grading, height being intended to represent average height of most varieties. Slow growing kinds may fall short of height specified. Age shall be given as 1 year, 2 year, etc. All fruit trees are tied 11/16 -9 /16, ten per bundle; 7/16 -5/16, twenty per bundle and have two printed labels per bundle. Minimum Caliper (in inches) Heights APPLE -STANDARD 11/16 to 1 in.--4 1/2 ft. and up 9/16 to 11/16 in.---4 ft. and up 7/16 to 9/16 in.----3 ft. and up 5/16 to 7/16 in.----2 ft. and up APPLE -DWARF 9/16 and up-----3 1/2 ft. and up 7/16 to 9/16----2 1/2 ft. and up 5/16 to 7/16----2 ft. and up APRICOT 11/16 and up------4 ft. and up 9/16 to 11/16-----3 ft. and up 7/16 to 9/16------2 1/2 ft. and 5/16 to 7/16------2 ft. and up CHERRY -SWEET up 11/16 and up, 1 & 2 yr. 4 1/2 ft. & up 9/16 to 11/16, 1 & 2 yr. 4 ft. and up 7/16 to 9/16, 1 & 2 yr. 3 ft. and up CHERRY -SOUR 11/16 and up, 2 year---4 ft. and up 9/16 to 11/16, 2 year--3 1/2 ft. and up 7/16 to 9/16, 2 year---3 ft. and up 5/16 to 7/16, 2 year---2 ft. and up 11/16 and up, 1 year---3 1/2 ft. and up 9/16 to 11/16, 1 year--3 ft. and up 7/16 to 9/16, 1 year---2 1/2 ft. and up 5/16 to 7/16, 1 year---2 ft. and up PEACH 11/16 and up-----4 1/2 ft. and up 9/16 to 11/16----4 ft. and up 7/16 to 9/16-----3 ft. and up 5/16 to 7/16-----2 ft. and up -16 - • • • • 26-2.7 • PEAR -STANDARD 11/16 and up-----4 1/2 ft. and up 9/16 to 11/16----4 ft. and up 7/16 to 9/16-----3 ft. and up 5/16 to 7/16-----2 ft. and up PEAR -DWARF 9/16-------------3 1/2 ft. and up 7/16-------------3 ft. and up 5/16-------------2 ft. and up PLUM 11/16 and up-----4 1/2 ft. and up 9/16 to 11/16----4 ft. and up 7/16 to 9/16-----3 ft. and up 5/16 to 7/16-----2 ft. and up QUINCE 9/16 and up------3 1/2 ft. and up 7/16 to 9/16-----3 ft. and up 5/16 to 7/16-----2 ft. and up ONE YEAR STANDARD One year old fruit tree stock (apples, pears, cherries, plums, peaches, nectarines, apricot and quince) from the three West Coast states, Washington, Oregon and California, graded in 1/8 inch intervals as follows shall be accepted: 1 yr. 3/4 inch and up 1 yr. 5/8 inch and up 1 yr. 1/2 inch to 5/8 inch 1 yr. 3/8 inch to 1/2 inch 1 yr. 1/4 inch to 3/8 inch FRUIT TREE SEEDLINGS CALIPER MEASUREMENT Caliper shall be taken at the collar or ground line and grade numbers shall correspond to the following calipers: 3/8------------3/8 to 7/16 tied so per bundle 1/4------------1/4 to 3/8 tied 100 per bundle No. 1----------3/16 to 1/4 tied 100 per bundle No. 2----------1/8 to 3/16 tied 200 per bundle No. 3----------3/32 to 2/16 tied 200 per bundle No. 4----------1/16 to 3/32 tied 200 per bundle -17 - 26-2.8 Exception: Grade No. 1 "straight" apple seedlings shall be graded from 3/16 to 5/16 caliper. • SPECIAL SPECIFICATIONS In case of seedlings .with limbs there shall be at least 2 inches above the collar free of limbs for one half the circumference of the seedling. In case of apple or pear seedlings where the root description is given as branched or straight, the following shall apply: Branched Root -not less than 3 root branches. Point of branching shall not be more than 4 inches from the collar. Straight Root -the root shall carry the caliper of the grade for not less than 6 inches from the collar. In case of cutting grown stock, the caliper shall be taken on the original cutting at the collar. SMALL FRUITS All small fruit plants must be well rooted. No injured, dwarfed or odd shaped plants shall be included in any grade. RASPBERRRIES Grade No. 1 -sucker and root cutting plants, and also tip plants, shall be graded 3/16 inch and up in caliper at the collar i sucker plants shall have 10 inches or more of live topi tip plants shall have 8 inches or more of live topi plants to be tied 25 per bundle. Grade No. 2 -sucker and root cutting plants, and also tip plants, shall be graded 2/16 inch and up in caliper at the collari sucker and root cutting plants to have 8 inches or more of live topi tip plants, 6 inches or more live top. Tied 25 per bundle. TRANSPLANTED RASPBERRIES Grade No . 1 -all transplanted raspberries shall caliper 1/4 inch and up at the collar and have 15 inches or more of live top . Tied 25 per bundle. • Grade No. 2 -transplanted respberries shall caliper • 3/16 inch and up at the collar and have 12 -18 - • • • inches or more of live top. Tied 25 per bundle. DEWBERRIES, BLACKBERRIES, BOYSENBERRIES, YOUNGBERRIES Grade No. 1 -root cuttings shall caliper 2/16 inch and sucker plants shall caliper 3/16 inch and up at the collar and have 12 inches or more of live top. Tied 50 per bundle. Grade No. 2 -root cuttings shall caliper 3/32 inch and sucker plants shall caliper 2/16 inch and up at the collar and have 8 inches or more of live top. Tied 50 per bundle. TRANSPLANTED BLACKBERRIES Grade No. 1 -shall caliper 1/ 4 inch and up at the collar and have 12 inches or more of livetop. Tied 25 per bundle. CURRANTS Grade 2 Yr. No. 1 -12 inches and up in height with 2 or more branches. Tied 25 per bundle. Grade 1 Yr. No. 1 -9 inches and up in height; if single cane plants, to be 12 inches high. Tied 50 per bundle. Grade 2 Yr. No. 2 -same specifications as 1 Yr. No. 1. BLUEBERRIES All measurements to indicate overall height of pl~nt from crown to tip. All to be well rooted and well ··branched in proportion to height. 1 year rooted cuttings------------3 to 6 in. 2 year No. 1----------------------9 to 12 in. 2 year No. 2----------------------6 to 9 in. 3 year No. 1----------------------12 to 18 in. 4 year No. 1----------------------18 to 24 in. GOOSEBERRIES Grade 2 Yr. No. 1 -shall measure 12 inches or more in height with 3 or more canes, or equivalent side branches, and shall be tied 25 per bundle. -19 - 26-2.9 Grade 1 Yr. No. 1 -shall measure 8 inches or more in height with 2 or more canes, or • equivalent side branches, and shall be tied SO per bundle. Grade 2 Yr. No. 2 -same specifications as 1 Yr. No. 1. GRAPE VINES Grading of grape vines is based mainly on the root system. Grade 2 Yr. No.1 -the lighter growing varieties shall have 12 inches or more of live top; stronger growing varieties shall be proportionately larger. Tied SO per bundle. Grade 1 Yr. No. 1 -lightest growers shall have 6 inches or more of live top; stronger growers shall be proportionately larger. Tied 100 per bundle. Grade 2 Yr. No. 2 -same specifications as 1 Yr. No. 1 STRAWBERRY PLANTS There shall be at least 10 main roots, not less than 3 inches long, and a minimum crown diameter of S/16 inch measured at the base. LINING OUT STOCK GENERAL Lining out stock shall include all plant material coming from propagating houses, beds or frames and young material of suitable size to plant out in nursery rows. DESIGNATION Age--Shall be given by number of years since propagated or in the case of seedlings, since growth started. Transplanted--The number of times transplanted to be represented by using for each transplanting the letter "T". Seedling--Stock to be represented by the letter 11 8 11 • Cuttings--To be represented by the letter "C". Grafted--Stock to be represented by the letter "G". -20 - • • • 26-2.10 • • Size--Shall be given in accordance with the intervals recommended for each plant class. Examples: Koster Spruce G, 6-8", 4 Yr. TT means Koster Spruce graft, 6 to 8 inches high, 4 years old and twice transplanted. SIZE DESIGNATION In grading use 2" intervals up to 12", 3" intervals up to 24"; 6" intervals for larger sizes. EVERGREEN LINING OUT STOCK Evergreens shall be transplanted frequently enough to create a good root system, which will insure a minimum of transplanting loss, and to give the top room enough to start the branch framework properly, making a well-shaped specimen when placed in the nursery stock row. SEEDLING TREES AND SHRUBS DECIDUOUS OR HARDWOODS Caliper measurements are taken at root collar or ground line. Min. Root Caliper Min. Heiqht Length 7/32 in. and up--------12 in.------------10 in. 3/16 in. to 7/32 in.---10 in.------------10 in. 5/32 in. to 3/16 in.---8 in.------------8 in. 3/32 in. to 5/32 in.---6 in.------------8 in. Tops or roots will not be trimmed unless specified ··by grower or requested by purchaser. When height is important measurements are taken from root or ground line. Height 24 to 18 to 12 to 6 to 36 24 18 12 Min. Caliper Min. Root in.----------7/32 in.----------3/1 6 in.----------5/32 in.----------3/32 Length in.------------------12 in. in.------------------10 in. in.------------------10 in. in.------------------8 in. Suggested for commercial nurseries furnishing or purchasing stock for the retail trade, and still comply with demand for calipered stock. -21 - 26-2.11 It shall be understood that when heights are to govern, caliper specification is minimum and when caliper • is to govern, the height specification is minimum. CONIFERS OR EVERGREENS Height 12 to 15 9 to 12 6 to 9 Min. Caliper in.-------3/16 in. in.-------5/32 in. in.-------3/32 in. Age is not important when height or caliper is specified. However it may be used in listings or when demanded by purchaser. KEY for use in indicating seedling, root pruned or transplants: s----seedling RP---root pruned (shall not be root pruned deeper than 6 inches when applying to conifers) T----one T for each time transplanted GENERAL All plants are to have well developed root systems, to be free of insects and diseases as well as mechanical injuries, and in all respects be suitable for field • planting. All conifers must have dormant buds and secondary needles. BALLING AND BUR.LAPPING SPECIFICATIONS BALL DIAMETERS FOR NURSERY GROWN STOCK Balled and burlapped nursery stock which has been nursery grown shall meet the minimum ball diameter requirements stated in the following tables. Ball diameters shall be measured six inches below the original soil line on stock dug by a mechanical spade or other ··machine. Type 1 Spreading Coniferous and Broadleaf Evergreens (e.g., Spreading Juniper and Mugho Pine) Spread Min. Ball Diameter 1 1/2 to 2 ft.-------------------------------11 in. 2 to 2 1/2 ft.-------------------------------14 in. 2 1/2 to 3 ft.-------------------------------18 in. 3 to 3 1/2 ft.-------------------------------22 in. 3 1/2 to 4 ft.-------------------------------26 in. 4 to 5 ft.-----------------------------------30 in. -22 - • • • • Type 2 -Broad Coniferous and Broadleaf Evergreens (e.g., Pine and Spruce) The minimum ball diameter for Type 2 shall be determined by measuring both the height and caliper of the tree and determining the minimum ball diameter from each of the following two tables. The required minimum ball diameter for the tree shall be the larger of these two diameters. Height Min. Ball Diameter 1 1/2 to 2 ft. -------------------------12 in. 2 to 3 ft. -----------------------------14 in. 3 to 4 ft. -----------------------------16 in. 4 to 5 ft. -----------------------------18 in. 5 to 6 ft. -----------------------------20 in. 6 to 7 ft. -----------------------------24 in. 7 to 8 ft. -----------------------------26 in. 8 to 9 ft. -----------------------------28 in. 9 to 10 ft. ----------------------------32 in. 10 to 12 ft ---------------------------36 in. 12 to 14 ft. ---------------------------40 in. 14 to 16 ft. ---------------------------54 in. 16 to 18 ft. ---------------------------70 in. 18 to 20 ft. ---------------------------84 in. Caliper Min. Ball Diameter 1/2 to 3/4 in.-------------------------12 in. 3/4 to 1 in.---------------------------14 in. 1 to 1 1/4 in.-------------------------16 in. 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 in.---------------------18 in. 1 1/2 to 1 3/4 in.---------------------20 in. 1 3/4 to 2 in.-------------------------24 in. 2 to 2 1/2 in.-------------------------26 in. 2 1/2 to 3 in.-------------------------28 in. 3 to 3 1/2 in.-------------------------32 in . 3 1/2 to 4 in.-------------------------36 in. 4 to 4 1/2 in .-------------------------42 in. 4 1/2 to 5 in.-------------------------48 in. 5 to 5 1/2 in.-------------------------54 in. 5 1/2 to 6 in.-------------------------57 in. 6 to 7 in.-----------------------------60 in. 7 to 8 in.-----------------------------70 in. 8 to 9 in.-----------------------------80 in. Type 3 Columnar Coniferous Evergreens (e.g., Upright Juniper) Height Min. Ball Diameter 1 1/2 to 2 ft.---------------------------11 in. 2 to 3 ft.-------------------------------12 in. 3 to 4 ft.-------------------------------13 in. -23 - 4 to 5 ft.-------------------------------14 in. 5 to 6 ft.-------------------------------16 in. 6 to 7 ft.-------------------------------18 in. 7 to 8 ft.-------------------------------20 in. 8 to 9 ft.-------------------------------22 in. 9 to 10 ft.------------------------------24 in. Type 4 -Deciduous Shrubs (e.g., Service-berry and Purpleleaf Sand Cherry) Height Min. Ball Diameter 1 to 1 1/2 ft.---------------------------8 in. 1 1/2 to 2 ft.---------------------------10 in. 2 to 3 ft.-------------------------------12 in. 3 to 4 ft.-------------------------------14 in. 4 to 5 ft.-------------------------------18 in. 5 to 6 ft.-------------------------------20 in. 6 to 8 ft.-------------------------------24 in. 8 to 10 ft.------------------------------28 in. 10 to 12 ft.-----------------------------32 in. Type 5 -Shade and Ornamental Trees (e.g., Maple, Honeylocust and Flowering Crabapple) Caliper Min. Ball Diameter 1/2 to 3/4 in.---------------------------12 3/4 to 1 in.-----------------------------14 1 to 1 1/4 in.---------------------------16 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 in.-----------------------18 1 1/2 to 1 3/4 in.-----------------------20 1 3/4 to 2 in.---------------------------24 2 to 2 1/2 in.---------------------------26 2 1/2 to 3 in.---------------------------28 3 to 3 1/2 in.---------------------------32 3 1/2 to 4 in.---------------------------36 4 to 4 1/2 in.---------------------------42 4 1/2 to 5 in.---------------------------48 5 to 5 1/2 in.---------------------------54 5 1/2 to 6 in.---------------------------57 6 to 7 in.-------------------------------60 7 to 8 in.-------------------------------70 8 to 9 in.-------------------------------80 in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. BALL DIAMETERS FOR COLLECTED NURSERY STOCK Balled and burlapped nursery stock which has been collected from its original native habitat shall meet the minimum ball diameter requirements stated in the following tables. Caliper measurements shall be taken six inches above the soil line. Ball diameter measurements shall be taken six inches below the soil line on stock dug by a mechanical spade or other machine. -24 - • • • • • • Type 6 -Collected Pinyon Pine Caliper Min. Ball Diameter 1 to 1 1/2 in.--------------------------------16 in. 1 1/2 to 2 in.--------------------------------18 in. 2 to 2 1/2 in.--------------------------------20 in. 2 1/2 to 3 in.--------------------------------24 in. 3 to 3 1/2 in.--------------------------------26 in. 3 1/2 to 4 in.--------------------------------28 in. 4 to 4 1/2 in.--------------------------------32 in. 4 1/2 to 5 in.--------------------------------36 in. Type 7 -Collected Aspen Height Min. Ball Diameter 5 to 6 ft.------------------------------------8 in. 6 to 8 ft.------------------------------------10 in. Caliper 1 to 1 1/2 in.--------------------------------12 in. 1 1/2 to 2 in.--------------------------------14 in. 2 to 2 1/2 in.--------------------------------18 in. 2 1/2 to 3 in.--------------------------------22 in. Clump aspen trees shall be measured by the largest stem. Type 8 -All Collected Plants other than Pinyon Pine and Aspen Caliper Min. Ball Diameter 1 to 1 1/2 in.--------------------------------14 in. 1 1/2 to 2 in.--------------------------------16 in. 2 to 2 1/2 in.--------------------------------20 in. 2 1/2 to 3 in.--------------------------------24 in. 3 to 3 1/2 in.--------------------------------28 in. 3 1/2 to 4 in.--------------------------------32 in. 4 to 4 1/2 in.--------------------------------36 in. 4 1/2 to 5 in.--------------------------------40 in. For caliper sizes larger than those given under Type 8 the ratio of ball diameter to caliper shall be 8 to 1 . -25 - 26-2.12 26-3.l 26-3.2 BALL DEPTHS Ball depths shall carry the following ratios for • both nursery grown stock and collected nursery stock: Balls with diameters less than 20 inches-depth not less than 75% of diameter-except for on collected aspen, not less than 40% of diameter. Balls with diameters of 20 inches to 30 inches incl.-depth not less than 66 2/3% of diameter-except for on collected aspen, not less than 40% of diameter. Balls with diameters of 31 inches to 48 inches incl.-depth not less than 60% of diameter. Percentage of depth of larger balls will scale down proportionately. SPECIFICATIONS FOR BALLED AND POTTED STOCK "Balled and potted" stock shall meet the balling and burlapping specifications in 26-2.11 of these rules and regulations. 26-3.0 CONDITION OF NURSERY STOCK INSECT PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES All nursery stock shall be free of insect pests and plant diseases. CONTAINER STOCK GENERAL All container stock shall be kept and displayed under conditions of temperature, light and moisture sufficient to maintain the continuing viability and vigor of the stock so that it might grow in a form ··characteristic of the species when planted and given reasonable care. CONTAINER GROWN STOCK Container grown stock shall be established in the container and shall exhibit a well-rooted condition as evidenced by the soil ball of such stock remaining intact upon removing it from the container. -26 - • • • 26-3.3 • 26-3.4 • POTTED STOCK Potted stock shall be placed only in a plantable container so that the root system and growing medium need not be removed from the container when planting the stock. Evergreens shall not be sold as potted stock, excepting seedlings and transplants 12 inches or under. Root systems for potted stock shall conform to descriptions given under 2 6 -2 . 1 and 2 6 -2 . 2 of these rules and regulations, and shall be placed in a container of a size adequate to contain the root system without crowding. BARE ROOT STOCK GENERAL Packaged and unpackaged bare root stock shall be kept and displayed under conditions of temperature and moisture sufficient to maintain the continuing viability and vigor of the stock so that it might grow in a form characteristic of the species when planted and given reasonable care. Such bare root stock shall also be kept and displayed under conditions that will retard etiolated or otherwise abnormal growth. Removal of primary buds and/or shoots on bare r ~ot stock reduces the vigor of the plants and is prohibited. Evergreens shall not be sold as bare root stock, excepting seedlings and transplants 12 inches or under. WAXING Colored waxes or other materials which coat the aerial parts of the plant and change the appearance of the plant surface so as to prevent adequate inspection are prohibited. BALLED STOCK GENERAL All balled stock shall be kept and displayed under conditions of temperature, light and moisture sufficient to maintain the continuing viability and vigor of the stock so that it might grow in a form characteristic of the species when planted and given reasonable care. BALLED AND BURLAPPED STOCK Balled and burlapped stock shall be kept and displayed with the soil ball surrounded by a moisture- retaining material to prevent desiccation of the root system, and handled in such a manner that the soil ball will not become broken or loose. Balled and burlapped -27 - 26-3.5 26-3.6 26-4.1 stock with broken or loose earth balls shall not be offered for sale. • BALLED AND POTTED STOCK Balled and potted stock shall be kept and displayed in such a manner that the soil ball will not become broken or loose. Balled and potted stock with broken or loose earth balls shall not be offered for sale. TURFGRASS SOD SPECIFICATIONS Turfgrass sod, when delivered or offered for sale, shall be free of prohibited weeds, as given under 26-1.10 of these rules and regulations, and shall contain no more than three percent (3%) of other weeds, including annual bluegrass (Poa annua), per one thousand square feet. DISPLAY CONDITIONS Harvested turf grass sod shall, when offered or exposed for sale, be kept and displayed in such a manner as to maintain the continuing viability of the sod. BENCH PACKED STOCK Bench packed stock shall be kept and displayed under conditions of temperature, light and moisture sufficient to maintain the continuing viability and vigor of the stock so that it might grow in a form characteristic of the species when planted and given reasonable care. The balls shall be surrounded by a moisture-retaining material to prevent desiccation of the root systems. Root systems for bench packed stock shall conform to descriptions given under 26-2 .1 and 26-2. 2 of these rules and regulations. Evergreens shall not be sold as bench ··packed stock. 26-4.0 SPECIAL LABELING REQUIREMENTS BENCH PACKED STOCK Bench packed stock shall bear a special label to read as follows: BENCH PACKED NURSERY STOCK This plant has been removed from the growing site in a bare root condition. A growing medium mixture has been packed around the root system to form a ball . -28 - • • • 26-4.2 26-5.1 • 26-5.2 26-6.1 • This label shall be printed on a separate tag of sufficient size to be openly conspicuous. The title of the label shall be in 18 point or larger bold face type and text of the label shall be in 14 point or larger type on a contrasting background so as to be clearly legible. The above described label shall be securely attached to each item of bench packed nursery stock when offered for sale. TURFGRASS SOD A seller of turfgrass sod shall be required to state on the sales contract, invoice or bill of lading the variety, named blend or mixture of turfgrasses involved in the transaction. Each different lot of harvested turf grass sod shall, when offered or exposed for sale, be identified by a sign stating the variety, kinds, or named blend or mixture as stated on the invoice or bill of lading from the grower. 26-5.0 INSPECTION FEES -ACTUAL COST A charge of twenty-four dollars per hour per inspector for actual inspection time shall be collected to def ray the costs of inspections made pursuant to the statute. The minimum charge for each inspection made shall be the charge for one-half hour of inspection time. REGISTRATION FEES The fee for a registration shall be seventy-five dollars for each place of business, effective January 1, 1992. 26-6.0 REQUIREMENTS FOR COLLECTORS .. AUTHORIZATION FOR COLLECTION OF NURSERY STOCK Evidence of authorization to have collected any and all nursery stock held or offered for sale shall consist of the following information: Bill of sale or other document attesting to sale of trees, shrubs or other nursery stock, issued by the owner of a property, either private or public, from which the nursery stock was collected; or Written contract or agreement between a collector and a property owner authorizing the collection of nursery stock from the property. -29 - 26-7.1 26-7.2 26-7.0 STANDARDS AND FEES FOR QUALIFICATION OF NURSERY STOCK INSPECTORS DEMONSTRATION OF KNOWLEDGE Persons who seek to contract with the Department of Agriculture to perform nursery stock inspections shall demonstrate knowledge suitable to perform inspections of nursery stock concerning plant viability, root systems, insect pests, plant diseases, plant identification and other aspects of nursery stock. Such persons shall also demonstrate knowledge of the requirements of the Colorado Nursery Act and all rules and regulations. Such knowledge shall be demonstrated by successfully passing an examination, written and/or oral, administered by the Department of Agriculture. FEE FOR QUALIFYING Persons who seek to contract with the Department of Agriculture to perform nursery stock inspections shall pay actual cost for the time spent by Department personnel and material utilized in qualifying such persons. -~- • • • I •"' '\..t • • • American Association of Nurserymen Approved November 6 , 1996 American National Standards Institute, Inc . ANSI® ZS0.1-1996 Revision of ANSI Z60 .1-1990 American Standard for Nursery Stock • • • American National Standard Published by An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an Ameri- can National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone , whether he had ap- proved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using prod- ucts , processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard . American National Stan- dards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions . CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm , revise , or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute . American Association of Nurserymen 1250 I Street, N.W., Suite 500, Washington, DC 20005 Copyright ©1997 by American Association of Nurserymen , Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retr ieval system or otherwise , without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 1-890148-00-8 • • • The American Association of Nurserymen Since its organization in 1875, the American Association of Nurserymen has grown steadily as the national trade association of the nursery/landscape industry. It serves member firms engaged in the nursery business: wholesale growers, garden center retailers, landscape firms, horticultural distributors , and allied suppliers to the horti- cultural community. The Association serves its members in many ways: • through national representation on Capitol Hill and in federal agencies and de- partments; • promotion of the industry and its products to the nursery consumer through a variety of public relations programs; • management services in the form of valuable reference materials and regularly scheduled clinics and workshops; • news , facts, opinions, and forecasts distributed regularly to member firms via periodicals and at the annual convention and trade show ; •consulting services in computer management, transportation and wage-hour regu- lations, and the Occupational Safety & Health Act, available to members at re- duced cost. A pioneer in the management of bus iness segment and interest-specific associa- tions, the AAN administers five allied nursery organizations: • the nonprofit Horticultural Research Institute supports and encourages research involving environmental horticulture; •the Wholesale Nursery Growers of America provides services especially for the wholesale grower; • the National Landscape Association serves the landscape community; • Garden Centers of America counts among its membership nursery retailers and garden center operators ; • the National Association of Plant Patent Owners serves the specialized group of businesses which hold patents on plants. For information on membership, contact AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN 1250 I Street , N.W. Suite 500 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 789-2900 Contents • Page Foreword .............................................................................................................. i Nomenclature references .................................................................................... i Nursery plant container or pot sizes .................................................................... ii In-ground fabric bag specifications ...................................................................... ii How to use this publication ................................................................................. iii Canvass list ........................................................................................................ iv Section 1: Shade and Flowering Trees 1.1 General specifications ......................................................................... 1 1.1 .1 Caliper and height measurement ........................................................ 1 1.1 .2 Height of branching-street trees ........................................................ 1 1 .1 .3 Height relationship to caliper by types ................................................. 1 1.1 .3.1 Type 1. Shade trees ............................................................................ 2 1 .1 .3.2 Type 2 . Shade trees ............................................................................ 2 1.1.3.3 Type 3. Small upright trees .................................................................. 2 1 .1 .3.4 Type 4. Small spreading trees ............................................................. 3 1.1.4 Trees for other uses ............................................................................. 4 1.1.5 Multi-stem trees ................................................................................... 4 1 .1 .5.1 Measurement of multi-stem trees ........................................................ 4 1.1.6 Palms .................................................................................................. 5 1.1. 7 Specimen trees ................................................................................... 6 1.1.7.1 Box specimen trees ............................................................................. 6 1 .2 Bare root specifications ....................................................................... 6 1.2 .1 Nursery grown-spread of roots .......................................................... 6 • 1 .2.2 Collected-spread of roots .................................................................. 6 1.3 Balling and burlapping specifications .................................................. 6 1 .3.1 Nursery grown ..................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 Collected ............................................................................................. 7 1 .3.3 Plantation grown .................................................................................. 8 1 .3 .4 Ball depths ........................................................................................... 8 1.3.5 Burlapping ........................................................................................... 8 1.3.6 Ball supporting devices ........................................................................ 8 1.4 Container grown specifications ............................................................ 8 1.5 Balled and potted ................................................................................ 9 1 .6 Processed balled ............................................................................... 10 1.7 In-ground fabric bag-grown ............................................................... 10 Section 2: Deciduous Shrubs 2 .1 General specifications ....................................................................... 11 2 .1.1 Height measurement ......................................................................... 11 2 .1.1 .1 Dwarf and semi-dwarf shrubs ............................................................ 11 2 .1.1 .2 Strong growing shrubs ....................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Quality defin itions .............................................................................. 11 2.1.3 Types of shrubs ................................................................................. 11 2.1 .3.1 Type 0-shrubs having a tendency not to mature all top growth ....... 11 2 .1.3.1.1 Type0-1 ............................................................................................. 11 2.1 .3.1.2 Type 0-2 ............................................................................................. 11 2 .1.3.1 .3 Type 0-3 ............................................................................................. 11 • Page 2.1.3.2 Type 1 shrubs: dwarf and semi-dwarf ................................................ 11 2.1.3.3 Type 2 ................................................................................................ 12 2.1.3.4 Type 3 ................................................................................................ 12 • 2.1.3.5 Type 4 ................................................................................................ 13 2.1.3.6 Type 5 ................................................................................................ 13 2.1.3.7 Type 6-Barberry .............................................................................. 13 2.1.3.8 Type 7-Privet (hedging) ................................................................... 13 2.2 Bare root specifications ..................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Nursery grown-spread of roots ........................................................ 13 2.2.2 Collected-spread of roots ................................................................ 14 2.3 Balling and burlapping specifications ................................................ 14 2.3.1 Nursery grown ................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 Collected ........................................................................................... 14 2.3.3 Plantation grown stock ...................................................................... 14 2.3.4 Ball depths ......................................................................................... 15 2.3.5 Burlapping ......................................................................................... 15 2.4 Container grown specifications .......................................................... 15 2.4.1 Sizing intervals .................................................................................. 15 2.4.1.1 Types of plants .................................................................................. 16 2.4.1.2 Type ................................................................................................... 16 2.1.2.1 Spreading .......................................................................................... 16 2.4.1.2.2 Semi-spreading ................................................................................. 16 2.4 .1.2.3 Globe ................................................................................................. 16 2.4.1 .2.4 Medium upright .................................................................................. 16 2.4.1.2.5 Upright ............................................................................................... 16 2.5 Balled and potted .............................................................................. 16 • 2.6 Processed balled ............................................................................... 16 2. 7 In-ground fabric bag-grown ............................................................... 16 Section 3: Coniferous Evergreens 3.1 General specifications ....................................................................... 17 3.1.1 Quality definitions .............................................................................. 17 3.1.2 Types of conifers ............................................................................... 17 3.1.2.1 Type 1. Creeping or prostrate type .................................................... 17 3.1.2.2 Type 2. Semi-spreading type ............................................................. 17 3.1.2.3 Type 3. Broad spreading, globe, and upright types ........................... 18 3.1.2.4 Type 4. Cone type (pyramidal) .......................................................... 18 3.1.2 .5 Type 5. Broad upright type ................................................................ 19 3.1.2.6 Type 6. Columnar type ...................................................................... 20 3 .2 Balling and burlapping specifications ................................................ 20 3.2 .1 Nursery grown ................................................................................... 20 3.2 .2 Collected ........................................................................................... 21 3.2.3 Plantation grown ................................................................................ 22 3.2.4 Ball depths ......................................................................................... 22 3.2.5 Burlapping ......................................................................................... 22 3.2.6 Ball supporting devices ...................................................................... 22 3.3 Container grown specifications .......................................................... 22 3.4 Balled and potted .............................................................................. 23 3.5 In-ground fabric bag-grown ............................................................... 23 • • • • Page Section 4: Broadleaf Evergreens 4.1 General specifications ....................................................................... 24 4.1.1 Quality definitions .............................................................................. 24 4.1.2 Types and measurement designation ................................................ 24 4.1.2.1 Type 1-spreading type ..................................................................... 24 4.1.2 .2 Type 2-semi-spreading type ............................................................ 24 4.1.2 .3 Type 3-globe or dwarf type .............................................................. 25 4.1 .2.4 Type 4-broad upright type ............................................................... 25 4.1.2 .5 Type 5--cone type ............................................................................. 26 4.2 Balling and burlapping specifications ................................................ 26 4.2.1 Nursery grown ................................................................................... 26 4 .2 .2 Collected ........................................................................................... 27 4.2 .3 Plantation grown ................................................................................ 27 4.2.4 Ball depths ......................................................................................... 27 4.2 .5 Burlapping ......................................................................................... 28 4 .2.6 Ball supporting devices ...................................................................... 28 4.3 Container grown specifications .......................................................... 28 4.4 Balled and potted .............................................................................. 29 4.5 In-ground fabric bag-grown ............................................................... 29 Section 5: Rose Grades 5.1 General garden rose .......................................................................... 30 5.2 Hybrid tea, tea, grandiflora, floribunda,rugosa hybrids, hybrid 5.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4 .2 5.4 .3 5.5 5.5.1 5.5 .2 5.5 .3 5.6 perpetuals, moss, and climbing roses ............................................... 30 Polyantha, shrub , landscapes, and low growing floribunda roses ..... 31 Field grown miniatures ...................................................................... 31 Large grower ..................................................................................... 31 Small grower ..................................................................................... 31 Root system ...................................................................................... 31 Tree roses ......................................................................................... 31 Standard tree rose ............................................................................. 31 Patio tree rose ................................................................................... 31 Mini-tree rose .................................................................................... 32 Container grown roses ...................................................................... 32 Section 6: Young Plants 6.1 General specifications ....................................................................... 33 6.1 .1 Quality definition ................................................................................ 33 6.1.2 Designation ....................................................................................... 33 6.1.2.1 Unrooted cuttings .............................................................................. 33 6.1.2.2 Micropropagated plants (in vitro and ex vitro) .................................... 33 6.1 .3 Pruning .............................................................................................. 33 6.2 Method of measurement .................................................................... 33 6.3 Sizing intervals .................................................................................. 33 6.3.1 Slow grower (dwarf and semi-dwarf) ................................................. 33 6.3.2 Medium grower .................................................................................. 33 6.3 .3 Fast grower ....................................................................................... 34 6.4 Types of plants .................................................................................. 34 6.4 .1 Type 1-no stems .............................................................................. 34 6.4.2 Type 2-single stem .......................................................................... 34 6.4.2 .1 Spreading .......................................................................................... 34 6 .4.2 .2 Semi-spreading ................................................................................. 34 6.4.2.3 Globe ................................................................................................. 34 • • • 6.4.2.4 6.4 .2.5 6.4 .3 6.4.4 6.4.5 6.4.6 6.4.7 6.4.8 6.5 6.6 6.6.1 6.6.1.1 Page Medium upright .................................................................................. 34 Upright ............................................................................................... 34 Type 3-stoloniferous ........................................................................ 34 Type 4-rhizomatous, tuberous, or fibrous roots ............................... 34 Type 5-fans ..................................................................................... 34 Type 6-bulbs, corms ........................................................................ 34 Type 7-vining ................................................................................... 34 Conifer plantation and reforestation plants ........................................ 34 Unclassified ....................................................................................... 35 Container grown ................................................................................ 35 Specifications .................................................................................... 35 Plug specifications ............................................................................. 35 Section 7: Fruit Tree Grades 7 .1 General specifications ....................................................................... 36 7.1.1 Quality definition ................................................................................ 36 7.1.2 Designation ....................................................................................... 36 7.1.2 .1 Unrooted cuttings .............................................................................. 36 7.1.2.2 Micropropagated plants ..................................................................... 36 7.2 Method of measurement.. .................................................................. 36 7.2.1 Deciduous ......................................................................................... 36 7 .2.2 General .............................................................................................. 36 7.2.3 Processed balled ............................................................................... 38 7.2.4 Fruit seedlings ................................................................................... 38 7 .2.4.1 Caliper measurement ........................................................................ 38 7.2.4 .2 Special specification .......................................................................... 38 7.2.4.3 Vegetatively propagated/micropropagated fruit stock ........................ 38 7.2 .4.3.1 Specia l spec ifications (root systems) ................................................. 38 7.2.5 Citrus ................................................................................................. 38 7.3 Container grown ................................................................................ 38 7.4 Size classification of mature trees ..................................................... 38 Section 8: Small Fruits 8.1 Genera l specifications ....................................................................... 41 8.1 .1 Quality definition ................................................................................ 41 8.1 .2 Designation ....................................................................................... 41 8.1 .2.1 Unrooted cuttings .............................................................................. 41 8 .1.2.2 Micropropagated plants ..................................................................... 41 8.2 Method of measurement.. .................................................................. 41 8.2.1 Raspberries ....................................................................................... 41 8.2.1 .1 Sucker and root cutting plants ........................................................... 41 8.2.2 Transplanted raspberries ................................................................... 41 8.2.3 Dewberries, blackberries , boysenberries,youngberries ..................... 41 8 .2.3.1 Root cuttings ..................................................................................... 41 8.2.4 Transplanted blackberries ................................................................. 41 8.2.5 Currants ............................................................................................. 41 8.2.6 Blueberries ........................................................................................ 42 8.2.7 Gooseberries ..................................................................................... 42 8 .2.8 Grape vines ....................................................................................... 42 8.2.9 Strawberry plants .............................................................................. 42 8 .2.10 Asparagus crowns ............................................................................. 42 8.3 Container grown ................................................................................ 42 -------'""'""""'-----~· ·--·--.. ------- • Page Section 9: Understock 9.1 General specifications ....................................................................... 43 9.1 .1 Quality definition ................................................................................ 43 9.1.2 Designation ....................................................................................... 43 9.1 .2.1 Unrooted cuttings .............................................................................. 43 9.2 Method of measurement.. .................................................................. 43 9.2 .1 Measurement designation ................................................................. 43 9.3 Types of plants .................................................................................. 43 9.3.1 Fruit and nut seedlings-seed-propagated stock .............................. 43 9.3.1.1 Seedlings with limbs .......................................................................... 43 9.3 .1.2 Root descriptions ............................................................................... 43 9.3.2 Vegetatively propagated plants ......................................................... 44 9.3.2 .1 From layering .................................................................................... 44 9.3.2.2 Hardwood cuttings ............................................................................. 44 9.3.2.3 Softwood cuttings .............................................................................. 44 9.3.2.4 Micropropagated plants ..................................................................... 44 9.3.3 Unclassified ....................................................................................... 44 9.4 Evergreen lining out stock-recommendations ................................. 44 9.5 Shade and flowering tree seedlings .................................................. 44 9.6 Container grown ................................................................................ 44 Section 10: Seedling Trees and Shrubs 10.1 General specifications ....................................................................... 45 10.1.1 Quality definit ion ................................................................................ 45 10.1.2 Designation ....................................................................................... 45 10.2 Method of measurement.. .................................................................. 45 • 10.2 .1 Deciduous or hardwood ..................................................................... 45 10 .2.2 Conifers-evergreen ......................................................................... 46 1 o .3 Container grown ................................................................................ 46 Section 11: Bulbs, Corms, and Tubers 11 .1 General .............................................................................................. 47 11 .2 Tulips ................................................................................................. 47 11.3 Hyacinths ........................................................................................... 47 11.4 Muscari (grape hyacinths) ................................................................. 47 11.5 Crocus ............................................................................................... 47 11.6 Narcissus and daffodils ...................................................................... 47 11 . 7 Narcissus-paper white ..................................................................... 48 11.8 Gladiolus ............................................................................................ 48 11 .9 Amaryllis ............................................................................................ 48 11 .1 O Lilies .................................................................................................. 48 11 .11 Caladiums .......................................................................................... 48 11.12 Tuberous begonias and gloxinias ...................................................... 48 11 .13 Tuberoses, callas, and other miscellaneous bulbs ............................. 48 11 .13.1 Tuberoses .......................................................................................... 48 11.13 .2 Callas ................................................................................................. 48 11 .13 .3 Ranunculus ........................................................................................ 48 11.13 .4 Freesias ............................................................................................. 48 11 .13.5 Anemones .......................................................................................... 49 11.14 Peonies and bleeding hearts ............................................................. 49 11.15 Cannas .............................................................................................. 49 11.16 Dahlias ............................................................................................... 49 • 11.17 Dutch iris ............................................................................................ 49 Page Section 12: Perennials 12 .1 General specifications ....................................................................... 50 12.1 .1 Types ................................................................................................. 50 12 .1.2 Propagation method designations ..................................................... 50 12.1.3 Container specifications .................................................................... 50 12.2 Standards for certain perennial plants ............................................... 50 12.2.1 Astilbe ................................................................................................ 50 12.2.2 Dicentra-bleeding heart ................................................................... 50 12 .2.3 · Hosta-funkia .................................................................................... 50 12.2.4 Paeonia-peony ................................................................................ 50 12.2.5 Hemerocallis-daylily ........................................................................ 50 12.2.6 Iris ...................................................................................................... 51 12 .2. 7 Papaver orientale--oriental poppy .................................................... 51 Section 13: Christmas Tree Standards Christmas tree standards .................................................................. 53 Append ices Appendix A-Glossary ..................................................................................... 54 Append ix B-Metric Equivalents ...................................................................... 56 Appendix C-Recommendation Form .............................................................. 57 Contents by Type of Production Container Plants 1.4 Shade and flowering trees ................................................................... 8 2.4 Deciduous shrubs .............................................................................. 15 3.3 Coniferous evergreens ...................................................................... 22 4.3 Broadleaf evergreens ........................................................................ 28 5.5 Roses ................................................................................................ 31 6 .6 Vines ................................................................................................. 35 Balled and Burlapped Plants 1.3 Shade and flowering trees ................................................................... 6 2.3 Deciduous shrubs .............................................................................. 14 3.2 Con iferous evergreens ...................................................................... 20 4.2 Broad leaf evergreens ........................................................................ 26 Bareroot Plants 1.2 Shade and flowering trees .................................................................. 6 2.2 Deciduous shrubs ............................................................................. 13 5.0 Roses ............................................................................................... 30 10.0 Seedling t rees and shrubs ................................................................ 45 Balled and Potted Plants 4.4 Broad leaf evergreens ........................................................................ 29 Processed Balled Plants 7.1.2 Fruit trees .......................................................................................... 36 • • Foreword One of the early activit ies of the American Association of Nurserymen, Inc ., was the development of a standardized system of sizing and describing plants to facilitate the trade in nursery stock. Since 1921 the Association has maintained an active committee on standards. Its first edition of "Hort icu ltural Standards" was published in 1923. From time to time , these standards were revised and expanded to meet the needs of the industry. After World War II the Association elected to make the standard a national standard by adhering to the procedures of the American Standards Association . The first edition published under the procedures of the American Standards Association (fore- runner of the current American National Standards Institute) was published on June 22 , 1949. The revisions included in the 1995 edition were developed by the Assoc iation 's Horticultural Standards Committee from 1990 through July, 1995. The proposed revisions were submitted to interested national and regional societies, associa- tions , and government agencies for their review and endorsement. Nomenclature The following manuals are suggested for general nome nclature use : List of Names of Woody Plants; List of Names of Perennials. Research Station for Nursery Stock , P.O . Box 118, NL-2770 AC BOSKOOP, The Netherlands . 5th Revised Ed., 1995 . Datascape Guide to Commercial Nomenclature, American Nurserymen Publish- ing Co ., Chicago , IL , 1994. An Annotated Checklist of Woody Ornamental Plants of California , Oregon and Washington , Division of Agricultural Sciences , University of California, February, 1979. Hillier's Manual of Trees and Shrubs, 4th Edition , 1978 . Manual of Culti vated Conifers, Den Ouden & Boon , 1978. The following botanical manuals are suggested for nomenclature as well as descriptive and technica l data: Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, Beam (four volumes). Hortus Third, Liberty Hyde Ba iley Hortorium , 1976. Dictionary of Gardening, Royal Horticulture Society (five volumes) . ------·----~~ • • Nursery plant container or pot sizes All container-grown plant specifications based on the American Standard for Nursery Stock should reference both plant size and container size. Plant size takes prece- dence, as it is the most descriptive reference point for both buyers and sellers. Con- tainer size should also be stated, using the container class table shown below. The American Standard for Nursery Stock container class table has been revised to (1) classify containers based on volume; and (2) incorporate new container sizes that have become prevalent in the trade, including five small plant containers (#SP 1-5), as well as #10, #20, and #25 sizes. The following plant container maximum and minimum volumes are the limits rec- ommended for each container class: Container class Container volume Cubic inches Cubic centimeters min.-max. min.-max. #SP1 6.5-8.0 106-131 #SP2 13.0-15.0 213-246 #SP3 20.0-30.0 328-492 #SP4 51-63 836-1033 #SP5 93-136 1524-2229 #1 152-251 2492-4115 #2 320-474 5246-7770 #3 628-742 10285-12164 #5 785-1242 12860-20360 #7 1337-1790 21913-29343 #10 2080-2646 34090-43376 #15 2768-3696 45376-60589 #20 4520-5152 74096-84457 #25 5775-6861 94669-112472 Unclassified: Any container which does not fall within the above specifications. In-ground fabric bag specifications Recommended minimum fabric bag diameters, depths and cubic volumes are as follows: Fabric bag diameter Fabric bag depth Fabric bag volume 10 inches 11 inches 864 cubic inches 12 inches 11 inches 1244 cubic inches 14inches 13 inches 2001 cubic inches 16inches 13inches 2614 cubic inches 18inches 15inches 3817 cubic inches 20inches 15inches 4712 cubic inches 22inches 17inches 6462 cubic inches 24inches 17inches 7691 cubic inches ii • • • How to Use This Publication A. General Information The purpose of the American Standard for Nursery Stock is to provide buyers and sellers of nursery stock with a common terminology in order to facilitate transac- tions involving nursery stock. For instance, the standards establish common tech- niques for (a) measuring plants , (b) specifying and stating the size of plants, (c) determining the proper relationship between height and caliper, or height and width , and (d) determining whether a root ball or container is large enough for a particular size plant. In other words , this book is a communication tool, and does not provide buyers with any assurance of the health or quality of the nursery stock being speci- fied or sold . In order to locate the information for a particular plant, you should know (a) what type of plant it is , such as whether it is a shade or flowering tree , a coniferous or broadleaf evergreen, a young plant (seedlings , ground covers , or lining out stock), a perennial or bulb , etc ., (b) the growth habit of the particular species , (e.g ., upright , conical, spreading, multi-stemmed, etc .), and (c) the method of production of the plant and the manner in which the plant will be sold (e .g ., balled and burlapped , bare root, containerized, etc .). B. Organization and Procedure 1. Locate the plant group to which the plant belongs . There are thirteen plant groups: Shade and Flowering Trees , Deciduous Shrubs, Coniferous Evergreens , Broadleaf Evergreens , Roses , Young Plants , Fruit Trees , Small Fruits , Understock , Seedlings, Bulbs, Corms, and Tubers, Perennials , and Christmas Trees . 2. Locate the section w ithin that plant group which most likely contains the type of information you want to find. The first portion of each plant group section contains general information on how the plants in that group are measured , the convent ions regarding how measurements are to be stated, and how different types of plants within the plant group are divided. Each plant group is further divided depending on the most important considerations for plants in that group. The sections for trees and shrubs, for instance, are divided based on growth habit and met hods of production and sale. Other sections are divided based on propagation methods , specific plant families within the plant group , or other factors . 3 . If you are unable to locate the information under the first plant group selected, you should go back to the Table of Contents and determine whether there may be another plant group to which the plant belongs . 4. The Appendix provides both a glossary of terms used in the Standard as well as a metric conversion table . lll • • Canvass List Consensus for this standard was achieved by use of the Canvass Method . The following organizations , recogn ized as having an interest in the standardiza- tion of nursery stock, were contacted prior to the approval of this standard. Inclu- sion of this list does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI. American Society of Landscape Arc hitects Associated Landscape Contractors of America Garden Centers of America International Society of Arboriculture Kansas Department of Transportation National Landscape Association National Park Service Perennial Plant Association Professional Grounds Management Society University of Georgia Wholesale Nursery Growers of America iv • • AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD American Standard for Nursery Stock Section1: Shade and Flowering Trees This section applies to plants generally sold to the retail and landscape trade. For liner grades see section 6. 1.1 General specifications 1.1.1 Caliper and height measurement In size grading balled & burlapped shade trees (Types 1 and 2), caliper shall take precedence over height. In size grading balled & burlapped small and flowering trees (Types 3 and 4), height shall take precedence up to 6 feet; thereafter, caliper takes precedence. In size grading bare root and container-grown trees, height shall take precedence to 6 feet for Types 3 and 4, and 8 feet for Types 1 and 2; thereafter, cali- per takes precedence . In size-grading trees grown in in-ground fabric bags, caliper shall take precedence. Caliper of the trunk shall be taken 6 inches above the ground up to and including 4-inch caliper size, and 12 inches above the ground for larger sizes . Seldom are tree trunks perfectly round. Caliper measurement may be taken with "slot" type caliper, "pincer" type caliper, or diameter tape. For purposes of simplicity, only one size per "grade" will be listed. That size will be the minimum size allowable for that grade and shall include plants from that size up to but not including the next larger grade size. Example: Acer rubrum, 2-inch caliper. This could include Acer rubrum calipering 2 inches up to but not including 2V2 inches in caliper, measured 6 inches above the ground line. 1.1.2 Height of branching-street trees Bid specifications for trees for street plantings should specify the height to which the tree should be free ANSI Z60-1996 of branching. Height of branching should bear a relationship to the size and kind of tree, also, so that the crown of the tree will be in good balance with the trunk as the tree grows. Examples: Acer platanoides, 2 in. cal., 12 to 14 ft., branches 6 to 7 ft. Quercus rubra 3%in. cal., 14 to 16 ft., branched 7 to 9 ft. Trees with ascending branches (example-Ulmus americana and Tilia tomentosa) may be branched 1 foot or more below the standard height and still provide proper clearance, which is the purpose of this specification. ....._ Branching height Take caliper measurement 6 inches above ground level if 4 inches or less. If more, take --at 12 inches . Figure 1-Caliper and branching height 1.1.3 Height relationship to caliper by types It is recognized that climatic conditions in different sections of the country produce trees of different caliper-height proportions . Trees from one region of the country may have less caliper in proportion to height while trees from another section may have greater caliper in proportion to height than shown 1 ... ---------·~----····--·-----,---~------- • • ANSI 260-1996 in the following table .The table shows the average height range and the maximum he ights permitted (See 1.1.3.1). 1.1.3.1 Type 1. Shade trees The height relationship to caliper, for most standard shade trees, will be as follows: Table 1-Height/caliper relationship for Type 1 shade trees Caliper Average Maximum height range he ight %in. 5 to 6 ft . 8 ft. %in. 6 to 8 ft. 10 ft. 1 in . 8 to 10 ft . 11 ft . 1114 in. 8 to 10 ft . 12 ft. 1112 in. 10 to 12 ft. 14 ft. 1% in. 10 to 12 ft. 14 ft . 2 in . 12 to 14 ft . 16 ft . 2%in. 12 to 14 ft . 16 ft. 3 in. 14 to 16 ft . 18 ft. 3 112 in . 14 to 16 ft. 18 ft . 4 in . 16 to 18 ft. 22 ft . 5 in . 18 ft. and up 26 ft . Sizes under one inch may be calipered if desired. Examples: Acer rubrum, A. saccharinum Be tu la Cinnamomum camphora Fraxinus americana, F. pennsylvanica, F. uhdei Ginkgo Gleditsia Liriodendron Plata nus Populus Quercus macrocarpa, Q. palustris, Q. phellos, 0 . vi rginiana Salix Tilia americana Zelkova serrata 2 1.1.3.2 Type 2. Shade trees Trees of slower growth which will not usually attain the height measurement in relation to caliper as in Type 1. The height, however, should not be less than two-thirds the height relationship given for Type 1. (See 1.1.3.1) Examples: Aesculus Ce/tis Cladrastis lutea Fagus sylvatica Koe/reuteria Laburnum Liquidambar .E Cl 'Q) I -.. ,_.~. Magnolia grandiflora Nyssa Olea europae Quercus alba Sorbus Tilia cordata, T. euchlora Type 2 shade trees Measurement determ ines grading I----( see 1.1) Height in relation to caliper must not be less than 213 that g iven in table for type 1 . Take caliper 6 in. above ground level up to 4 in . --caliper size. If more , take at 12 in . ,,.. .. Figure 2-Measurement- Type 2 shade trees 1.1.3.3 Type 3. Small upright trees This is a broad group including small , upright trees which may be grown as single-stem plants, as clumps , or as shrubs. Up to 6 feet, height shall be the governing mea- surement. Sizing shall be in 1-foot intervals. At 6 feet and over, caliper takes precedence . A height relative to caliper may be specified but shall not be considered in determining min imum diam- eter ball sizes . for single-stem plants , the minimum relationship for height, caliper and branching will usually be as follows: 2 ft ., 5As in . caliper, three or more branches 3 ft., Vis in. caliper, four or more branches 4 ft., 9As in. caliper, five or more branches 5 ft., 1Vi s in. caliper, six or more branches % in. caliper, seven or more branches Examples: Acer campestre, A. circinatum Cercis Crataegus Halesia Ma/us (most crabapples) Prunus cerasifera 'Thundercloud' Prunus serrulata, P. subhirtella Pyrus cal/eryana 'Whitehouse ,' 'Capitol ' Styrax Syringa reticulata Height 5-6 ft. Caliper 11 /16 in . Small upr ight trees Type3 Single stemmed 6 or more branches Figure 3-Small upright trees- Type 3-single stemmed 1.1.3.4 Type 4. Small spreading trees This is a broad group including small, spreading trees of dwarf growth habit and certain large shrubs grown in tree or multi-stem form . ANSI Z60-1996 Up to 6 feet, height shall be the governing mea- surement. Sizing shall be in 1-foot intervals. At 6 feet and over, caliper takes precedence. A height relative to caliper may be specified but shall not be considered in determining minimum diam- eter ball sizes . For single-stem plants , the minimum branching will be as follows: 2 ft ., four or more branches 3 ft., five or more branches 4 ft., seven or more branches 5 ft ., eight or more branches % in. caliper, eight or more branches Examples: Acer pa/matum, A. griseum Corn us Lagerstroemia indica Ligustrum japonicum (tree forms), L. /uc idum Magnolia sou/angiana, M. stellata Ma/us sargentii Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford ,' 'Aristoc rat' Viburnum prunifolium Small spread ing trees Type 4 Figure 4-Small spreading trees- Type 4-single stemmed 3 ·~---------...-~· • • • ANSI Z60-1996 1.1.4 Trees for other uses Trees for special uses should be branched or pruned naturally according to type. Where a form of growth is desired which is not in accordance with a natural growth habit, this form should be so specified. Examples: Cut back or sheared -trees that have been pruned back so as to multiply the branching struc- ture and to develop a more formal effect. Topiary -sheared or trimmed closely in a formal geometric pattern . 1.1.5 Multi-stem trees Multi-stem trees occur naturally in many genera, and other kinds may be grown multi-stem in the nurs- ery. Multi-stem trees may be further defined as Clump form and Shrub form. Clump form: Having two or more main stems aris- ing from the root crown or from the main trunk not more than 6 inches from the ground level. The main stems shall have branching typical for the species or cultivar. Shrub form: A tree with multiple stems arising from the root crown in the manner of a shrub . Examples: Clump form: Acer ginnala, A. rubrum A/nus glutinosa Amelanchier laevis Betula nigra Carpinus caroliniana Cercis canadensis Cornus alternifolia, C. florida Cory/us avellana Crataegus punctata Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. /anceolata Gleditsia triacanthos inermis Hamamelis virginiana Magnolia soulangiana, M. virginiana Ma/us floribunda Prunus padus Syringa reticulata Tilia cordata , T. euchlora Viburnum plicatum, V. prunifolium Shrub form: Amelanchier arborea, A. grandiflora Cornus kousa , C. mas Cory/us americana Cotoneaster multiflorus Crataegus cordata , C. crus-gal/i 4 Hamamelis vernalis Lagerstroemia indica Magnolia stellata Matus sargentii Prunus cistena Syringa vulgaris Viburnum /antana , V. lentago, V. opulus 1.1.5.1 Measurement of multi-stem trees In size grading multi-stem trees, height shall be the governing measurement. Height shall be defined as the measurement taken from the ground level to the average uppermost point of growth of the plant. Sizes shall be listed in 1-foot increments to 8 feet and 2-foot increments thereafter. For purposes of simplicity, only one size per "grade" will be listed. That size will be the minimum size allowable for that grade and shall include plants from that size up to, but not including , the next larger size . Example: Acer ginnala , 6 '. This would include Acer ginnala 6 feet high up to , but not including , 7 feet high , from the ground level to the average upper- most point of growth of the plant. Although height will be the determining factor, for landscape specifications other definitive measure- ments may be used to further "picture" the desired plant. Such added factors as the number of stems and plant width may be specified . Table 2-Ball sizes for multi-stem trees Average Height Minimum Diameter Ball 4 ft. 14 in . 5 ft . 16 in . 6 ft . 18 in . 7 ft. 20 in. 8 ft . 22 in . 10 ft . 24 in. 12 ft. 28 in. 14 ft . 32 in . 16 ft. 38 in. 18 ft. 42 in. 20 ft . 48 in . Note: Specifications for balling and burlapping multi- stem trees with a spreading growth habit shall provide for balls one size larger than sizes specified above for multi-stem trees with ascending growth habit. • .E Ol "Qi I ANSI Z60-1996 .E Ol "Qi I Figure 5-Measurement-multi-stem trees-clump form and shrub form 1.1.6 Palms In size grading palm trees, height shall take prece- dence. Either of two heights may be specified: over- all height or trunk height. Tree height ~~-=~S-1:,:::::;;::~s=o~il~le~vel + Overall height is the perpendicular height from the ground to the top of the arc made by the uppermost arching frond with the free standing in natural position . Trunk height is measured from the ground line to the base of the heart leaf. Palmate palms Pinnate palms Figure 6-Measurement-palms 5 • • • ANSI Z60-1996 1.1.7 Specimen trees This recommendation for specification writers ap- plies to both deciduous and evergreen trees . When "specimen" trees are called for in landscape speci- fications , the desired specimen characteristics must be stated, including deviations from standard mini- mums for caliper, height, fullness of branching, rootball, etc . 1.1.7.1 Box specimen trees Table 3-Box size for specimen trees Box Size (Inches) 20 24 30 36 42 48 60 Caliper (Inches) Group I 1114 11h 2 112 3 3 112 4 4 1h Group II 1112 2 3 3 1/2 4 4 112 5 Group Ill 1112 1314 2 2 112 3 31h 4 Group IV 11h 2 2 112 3 31h 4 4 1h Group V 2 2 112 3 3 112 4 5 6 Examples: Group I: Tipuana, Sophora, Ulmus parvifolia, Zelkova, Parkinsonia Group II: Acer, Albizzia, A/nus, Eroyobotrya, Cedrus, Ce/tis, Fraxinus, Liquidambar, Liriodendron, Magnolia, Platanus, Populus canadensis, Prunus, Lagerstroemia Group Ill: Acer pa/ma tum, Betu/a, Cercis, Cupania , Erythrina coralloides, E. numeana, Ficus retusa, F. rubiginosa, Gingko, Gleditsia, Jacaranda , Koelreuteria, Nerium oleander, Photinia , Pistacia, Pittosporum undulatum, Raphio/epsis, Rhus lancea, Schinus Group IV: Acacia, Arbutus, Ceratonia cinnamomum, Diosepis chilensis, Eucalyptus, Ficus florida, F. macrophylla, Harpehyllum caffrum, Pyrus, Quercus, Robinia, Salix umbraculifera Group V: Erythrina caffra, Morus, Populus italica, Salix 6 1.2 Bare root specifications 1.2.1 Nursery grown-spread of roots All bare root trees shall have a well branched root system characteristic of the species. The following table represents the approved minimum root spread for nursery grown shade trees. Table 4-Bare root trees Caliper Average height Minimum root range spread 1f.? in. 5 to 6 ft. 12 in. %in. 6 to 8 ft. 16 in. 1 in. 8 to 10 ft. 18 in. 1114 in . 8 to 10 ft. 20in. 11f.? in . 10 to 12 ft. 22 in. 1% in. 1 Oto 12 ft. 24in. 2 in . 12 to 14 ft. 28 in. 2112 in. 12 to 14 ft. 32 in. 3 in. 14 to 16 ft . 38 in. 1.2.2 Collected-Spread of roots Trees collected from native stands or established plantings must be so designated. The spread of roots, bare root collected trees, shall be 1/3 greater than the spread of roots, bare root nursery grown (Table 4). For the purposes of this standard, trees collected from wild or native stands may be considered nurs- ery grown when they have been successfully rees- tablished in the nursery row and grown under regu- lar nursery cultural practices for a minimum of two growing seasons and have attained adequate root and top growth to indicate full recovery from trans- planting into the nursery row. 1.3 Balling and burlapping specifications Ball sizes should always be of a diameter and depth to encompass enough of the fibrous and feeding root system as necessary for the full recovery of the plant . it is recognized that balling of nursery grown stock can be accomplished by hand digging or by me- chanical devices especially designed for nursery conditions. The use of digging machines is an ac- ceptable nursery practice. Measure caliper to find ball size from table . _caliper Type 3 and 4 Diameter Diameter Figure 7-Measurement-trees 1.3.1 Nursery grown The following table represents the recommended minimum sizes of balls for trees which are being grown in the nursery under favorable growing con- ditions and which have received the proper cultural treatment to develop a well branched root system. These specifications are for plants either hand dug or machine dug with the ball of earth in which they are growing. Plants dug to specifications in the table should have the trunk or stem of the plant in the center of the earth ball. A tolerance of 10% of the diameter is the maximum deviation allowable. Example: For a tree with a 30-inch rootball, the cen- ter of the plant at ground level must be within a circle 131/2 inches from the outer edge of the ball. It is recognized that plants having a coarse or wide- spreading root system because of natural habit of growth, soil condition, infrequent transplanting prac- tice, or plants which are moved out of season , would require a ball in excess of the recommended sizes. ANSI Z60-1996 (\ jE-13.5" _,,j,. 3',. .k-13s"1 1~-30" Figure 8-Example: trunk in center of earth ball Table 5-Ball sizes-nursery grown trees Shade trees Small trees Types 1and2 Types 3 and 4 Caliper Minimum Height Minimum diameter (up to 6 ft.) diameter ball Caliper ball (6 ft . & over) Inches Inches Feet/Inches Inches Y2 12 2 ft. 10 % 14 3 ft . 12 1 16 4 ft . 14 rn 18 5 ft. 16 11h 20 %i n. 16 P /4 22 1 in . 18 2 24 1 V2 in . 20 21h 28 1% in. 22 3 32 2 in. 24 31h 38 2 V2 in. 28 4 42 3 in. 32 4V2 48 3V2 in . 38 5 54 4 in. 42 5% 57 4% in . 48 6 60 5 in. 54 7 70 5V2 in. 57 8 80 6 in . 60 7 in . 70 8 in. 80 1.3.2 Collected It is generally recognized that plants growing in their native state will sustain a much more severe shock when transplanted than the same kinds of plants when nursery grown . If collected material is moved, a considerably larger ball than that recommended 7 • • • ANSI Z60-1996 for transplanted nursery stock is required , because of the unrestricted root development and the vary- ing conditions of soil in which such material is found . The minimum ball sizes shall be equal to those specified in Table 5 for the next larger size nursery grown stock. For the purposes of this standard , trees collected from wild or native stands may be considered nurs- ery grown when they have been successfully rees- tablished in the nursery row and grown under regu- lar nursery cultural practices for a minimum of two growing seasons and have attained adequate root and top growth to indicate full recovery from trans- planting into the nursery row. 1.3 .3 Plantation grown Plants which have been systematically planted in fertile , friable soil which is relatively free of stones and foreign matter, but where plants have had a minimum of after-care . The minimum ball sizes shall be equal to those specified in Table 5 for the next larger size nursery grown stock. 1.3.4 Ball depths Under certain soil and regional conditions, plants have root systems of proportionately less depth and greater diameter. These require a more shallow but wider ball to properly encompass the roots. Conversely, in other soils and in certain regions roots develop greater depth and less spread , requiring an exceptionally deep ball which may be smaller in diameter and greater in depth than the size recom- mended. For the greater part of the country, ball depths will carry the following rat ios : Balls with diameters less than 20 inches -depth not less than 75 % of diameter. Balls with diameters of 20 inches to 30 inches in- clusive -depth not less than 66 %% of diameter. Balls with diameters of 30 inches to 48 inches in- clusive -depth not less than 60% of diameter. Balls with diameters over 48 inches will have the depth scaled down proportionately. 8 • Diameter less than 20 in. Depth not less than 75% of diameter or 3/4 of width Diameter 20 to 30 in. Depth not less than 66-2/3% or 213 of width Diameter 31 to 48 in. Depth not less than 60% or 3/5 of width . Balls with a diameter of 30 in . or more should be drum-laced Figure 9-Ball depth: diameter ratios 1.3.5 Burlapping Burlap or other suitable material shall completely cover the root ball. This wrapp ing shall be between the earth ball and the lacing or ball supporting de- vice. 1.3.6 Ball supporting devices Ball supporting devices , such as wire baskets , shall hold the ball in a firm , rigid condition. 1.4 Container grown specifications All container grown trees shall be healthy, vigorous , well rooted , and established in the container in which they are growing . They shall have tops of good quality and be in a healthy growing condition. A con- tainer grown tree shall have a well-established root system reaching the sides of the container to main- tain a firm ball. All container grown trees sold in containers shall be graded by plant size (height or caliper desig- nated) and container size. The plant size shall be consistent with sizes specified in Section 1.1 .3 of this chapter, and the container size shall agree with the container class table on page ii of the Foreword . When size grading trees in containers , height shall take precedence to 8 ft . for Types 1 and 2 (shade trees), and to 6 ft. for Types 3 and 4 (small upright and small spreading trees); thereafter, caliper takes precedence. Plant size refers to the minimum size for each grade . --------------------------------~-~~-·----~ • Under certain climate conditions and with certain production methods and species that develop root systems more quickly, container sizes may be one to several sizes larger than the minimums listed below. Likewise , species such as Betula, Eucalyp- tus, Salix, and Populus that develop height more rapidly may be taller for a given container size . Dwarf and light growing varieties may be one or two sizes smaller than standard for a given size container. The container shall be sufficiently rigid to hold the ball shape, protecting the root mass during ship- ping . The following table gives tree sizes and recom- mended minimum container sizes : ANSI Z60-1996 1.5 Balled and potted Balled and potted plants are field-grown nursery plants, dug with a ball of earth still intact in which they are growing, and which , in lieu of burlapping, are placed in a container to retain the ball unbroken . Ball sizes shall always be of a diameter and depth to encompass enough of the fibrous a1 id feeding root system as necessary for the full recovery of the plant. The minimum ball size specification for "balled and potted" plants shall be t he same as for "balled and burlapped " plants (Table 5). Table 6-Container sizes-trees Tree height Tree caliper Recommended m inimum container s ize Types 1 & 2 Types 3 & 4 Types 1 & 2 Types 3 & 4 12 in. 12 in. #1 18 in . 18 in. #1 2 ft. 2 ft . #1 3 ft . 3 ft . #1 4ft. 4 ft . #2 5 ft. 5 ft . #5 6 ft . 6 ft . %in . #5 7 ft. 1 in. #7 8 ft . 1 V4 in . 1114 in . #10 1% in. 1 Y2 in. #15 1% in. 1% in. #25 2 in . 2 in. #25 2%in . 2 %in. #25 9 • • ANSI Z60-1996 1.6 Processed balled A processed balled shade or flowering tree is one dug bare root, while dormant, to which a growing medium is added around the roots to form a ball designed to sustain plant growth. The following table represents the recommended minimum sizes of processed balls for trees pro- cessed by machine or hand . All trees shall have a root system which has been developed by proper cultural practices. Table 7-Ball sizes-processed balled trees Single stem trees Spreading trees Tvoes 1,2,3 Type4 Minimum Height/ Minimum Caliper diameter Caliper diameter ball ball Inches Inches Feet/Inches Inches 1h 10 2 ft . 10 3/4 10 3 ft . 10 1 12 4 ft . 12 11A 14 5 ft. 12 11h 16 314 in. 12 1% 18 1 in. 14 2 20 1 V4 in . 14 21h 20 11h in. 14 3 28 13/4 in. 18 10 1. 7 In-ground fabric bag-grown These specifications are for shade and flowering trees field grown in fabric bags, commonly called grow bags. Fabric bag size specifications are pro- vided on page ii of the Foreword. The following table represents the recommended maximum tree caliper for shade and flowering trees, (Types 1,2,3, and 4), and multi stem trees, grown in in-ground fabric bags. Table 8-Fabrlc bag sizes-trees Maximum Minimum recommended recommended tree caliper fabric bag size (diameter) 1%in. 10 in . 11/2 in. 12 in . 1%in. 14 in. 2 in. 16 in . 2% in . 18 in . 3 in. 20 in. 3% in. 22 in . 4 in. 24 in . -.. -__ .. ________ .. ------------· -------------------..--........ -......... -----..~- • • Section 2: Deciduous Shrubs This section applies to plants generally sold to the retail and landscape trade. For liner grades see Section 6. 2.1 General specifications 2.1.1 Height measurement For purposes of simplicity, only one size per "grade" will be listed. That size will be the minimum size allowable for that grade, and the grade shall include plants from that size up to but not including the next larger grade size. Example: Forsythia, 2 ft. This could include For- sythia plants with not less than three 2-foot canes up to but not including four 3-foot canes. 2.1.1.1 Dwarf and semi-dwarf shrubs State height in inches up to 24 inches; 24 inches and up state in single feet. Grade in 3-inch series to 18 inches, 6-inch series 18-24 inches, and in 1/2- foot series over 24 inches. Example: 12 in.; 15 in.; 18 in.; 2 ft.; 21h ft. 2.1.1.2 Strong growing shrubs Grade in 6-inch series up to 24 inches tall (example: 12 in., 18 in.); over 24 inches, grade in single feet up to 6 feet tall; over 6 feet, grade in double feet (example: 5 ft., 6 ft., 8 ft., 10 ft). 2.1.2 Quality definitions If a plant is well grown with a single stem , well shaped and bushy, and has sufficient well spaced side branches to give it weight and good bud quali- ties, it should be an acceptable plant. A cane shall be considered a primary stem which starts from the ground or close to the ground at a point not higher than one-fourth the height of the plant. ANSI Z60-1996 2.1.3 Types of shrubs 2.1.3.1 Type 0 -Shrubs having a tendency not to mature all top growth It is an accepted nursery trade practice to prune the top growth of these shrubs back to live wood. 2.1.3.1.1Type0-1 6-in. shrubs should have no less than 2 canes, with at least 6 in. of live top; 9-in . and up shrubs should have no less than 3 canes, with at least 9 in. of live top. Example: Hydrangea macrophylla 2.1.3.1.2 Type 0-2 9-in. shrubs should have no less than 2 canes, with at least 9 in. of live top. Examples: Caryopteris, Hypericum (shrubby types) 2.1.3.1.3 Type 0-3 12-in. shrubs should not have less than 2 canes, with at least 12 in . of live top . 18 in . and up shrubs should not have less than 3 canes, with at least 18 in. of live top. Examples: Hydrangea arborescens, Buddleia, Vitex 2.1.3.2 Type 1-Shrubs: dwarf and semi-dwarf 12-in . shrubs should have not less than 4 canes, 12 in. and up. 15-in . shrubs should have not less than 4 canes, 15 in. and up. 18-in. shrubs should have not less than 5 canes, 18 in. and up. 2-ft. shrubs should have not less than 6 canes, 2 ft. and up. 21h ft. shrubs should have not less than 7 canes, 21h ft. and up. Examples: Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea 'Crimson Pygmy' Deutzia gracilis Euonymus kiautschovica 'Jewell' Potentilla fruticosa Ribes alpinum Spiraea bumalda 'Anthony Waterer' 11 .... _, _____ ,.,..._,,..._ ~--·-·. ------·· -·-····-· ... ---- • • • ANSI Z60-1996 --C') t\J ---·· .. , Type 1 6 canes or more, 2 ft. up .,,,,. Type 4 Type 2 4 canes or more, 2 ft. up .;::! C') t\J · fH,...... Type 5 .;::! C\J -- C\J t\J Type 3 3 canes or more, 2 ft. up 2 canes or more, 2 ft . up 1 cane or more 7 ft . up, 3/8" cal. .;::! C\J .9 ~ ,.... ' ,.... 12 Figure 10-Deciduous shrubs ... . .... Not less than 3 cane 1 -1 /2 ft. & up ... hH\I Not less than 6 canes 4 ft. & up Not less than 4 canes 2 ft . & up .... . ..... Not less than 5 canes 3 ft . & up Figure 11-Typical size grades for Type 2 deciduous shrubs 2.1.3.3 Type 2 18-in. shrubs should have not less than 3 canes, 18 in. and up. 2-ft. shrubs should have not less than 4 canes, 2 ft. and up. 3-ft. shrubs should have not less than 5 canes, 3 ft. and up. 4-ft. shrubs should have not less than 6 canes, 4 ft . and up. Examples: Azaleas (deciduous species) Cephalanthus occidentalis Cornus alba, C. racemosa, C. sericea Diervilla sessilifolia /tea virginica Kolkwitzia amabilis Lespedeza thunbergii Philadelphus lemoinei Rhodotypos scandens Rosa setigera Stephanandra incisa 2.1.3.4 Type 3 18-in . shrubs should have not less than 3 canes, 18 in. and up . 2-ft. shrubs should have not less than 3 canes, 2 ft. and up . 3-ft . shrubs should have not less than 4 canes, 3 ft . and up. 4-ft. shrubs should have not less than 5 canes, 4 ft. and up . Examples: Acanthopanax sieboldianus A/nus rugosa Amelanchier Aronia arbutifolia, A. melanocarpa Calycanthus floridus Chaenomeles speciosa Clethra alnifo/ia Camus amomum, C. sanguinea Cory/us americana, C. avel/ana Cotoneaster acutif o/ius · Deutzia (tall growing species) Euonymus americana Forsythia Hamamelis Hibiscus syriacus • • • Hydrangea paniculata 'Grandiflora' (Peegee) /lex laevigata, I. verticillata Kerria japonica (single and double) Ligustrum obtusifolium var. regelianum Lonicera (bush forms) Myrica pennsylvanica Philadelphus virginalis Prunus cistena, P. cerasifera, P. triloba (bush forms) Rhus aromatica Rosa blanda, R . rugosa Sambucus canadensis, S. nigra (variegated forms) Sorbaria aitchisoni, S. arborea, S. sorbifolia Spiraea (tall growing varieties) Symphoricarpos a/bus, S. chenaultii, S. mollis, S . occidentalis, S. orbiculatus Syringa chinensis, S . josikaea, S. persica, S. villosa , S. reticulata Vaccinium corymbosum, \I. stamineum Viburnum cassinoides, \I. dentatum, \I. lantana , \I. mo/le, V. opu/us, \I. p/icatum, .p. tomentosum, II. trilobum Weigela floribunda, W florida 2.1.3.5 Type 4 18-in. shrubs should have not less than 2 canes , 18 in. and up. 2-ft. shrubs should have not less than 2 canes, 2 ft . and up . 3-ft. shrubs should have not less than 3 canes , 3 ft. and up . 4-ft. shrubs should have not less than 4 canes , 4 ft. and up . Examples: Amorpha fruticosa Baccharis halimifolia Caragana arborescens Chionanthus virginicus Colutea arborescens Camus altemifo/ia, C. mas Cotinus coggygria , C. obovatus Elaeagnus angustifolia, E. commutata , E. umbellata Euonymus alatas, E. atropurpureus, E. bungeana, E. europaeus Exochorda racemosa Halesia carolina Lespedeza bico/or Lindera benzoin Rhamnus cathartica , R. frangu/a Rubus odoratus Sambucus pubens Syringa vu/garis Tamarix Viburnum lentago, II. prunifo/ium ANSI Z60-1996 2.1.3.6 Type 5 18-in. shrubs with 1 or more canes 18 in . and up in height 5/1s in . cal. 2-ft. shrubs with 1 or more canes 2 ft . and up in height % in . cal. 3-ft . shrubs with 1 or more canes 3 ft . and up in height 1/2 in . cal. 4-ft. shrubs with 1 or more canes 4 ft . and up in height % in . cal. 5-ft. shrubs w ith 1 or more canes 5 ft. and up in height 7/a in . cal. 2.1.3.7 Type 6 12-in. shrubs, 3 canes or more , 12 in . and up . 15-in. shrubs, 3 canes or more , 15 in . and up . 18-in . shrubs 4 canes or more , 18 in. and up . 2-ft. shrubs , 4 canes or more , 2 ft. and up . 2 112 ft. shrubs , 5 canes or more , 2 1/2 ft. and up . 3-ft . shrubs , 6 canes or more , 3 ft . and up . Example: Berberis thunbergii 2.1.3.8 Type 7-Privet (hedging) 18-in . Ligustrum varieties shall have 3 canes or more 18 in. and up . 2-ft. Ligustrum varieties shall have 4 canes or more 2 ft . and up. 3-ft. Ligustrum varieties shall have 5 canes or more 3 ft. and up. 4-ft. Ligustrum varieties shall have 6 canes or more 4 ft. and up. Note : For Ligustrum obtusifo/ium var. regalianum, see Type 3. 2.2 Bare root specifications 2.2.1 Nursery grown-spread of roots Deciduous shrubs shall have a well-branched root system characterist ic of the species . Bare root shrubs shall have min imum root spreads as follows : Table 9-Bare root deciduous shrubs Height of Plant: 18 in . 2 ft . 3 ft . 4 ft . 5 ft. 6 ft . Minimum Root Spread : 10 in. 11 in . 14 in . 16 in. 18 in . 20 in . 13 ------------~-~~----------------------------------------- • • • ANSI Z60-1996 2.2.2 Collected-spread of roots Shrubs collected from native stands or established plantings must be so designated. The spread of roots , bare root collected, shall be one-third greater than the spread of roots of nursery grown shrubs (Table 9). For the purposes of this standard, shrubs collected from wild or native stands may be considered nurs- ery grown when they have been successfully rees- tablished in the nursery row and grown under regu- lar nursery cultural practices for a minimum of two growing seasons and have attained adequate root and top growth to indicate full recovery from trans- planting into the nursery row. 2.3 Balling and burlapping specifications Ball sizes should always be of a diameter and depth to encompass enough of the fibrous and feeding root system as necessary for the full recovery of the plant. It is recognized that balling of nursery grown stock can be accomplished by hand digging or by me- chanical devices especially designed for nursery conditions. The use of digging machines is an ac- ceptable nursery practice. 2.3.1 Nursery grown The following table represents the recommended minimum sizes of balls for shrubs which are being grown under favorable growing conditions and which have received the proper cultural treatment to de- velop a well-branched root system. These specifications are for plants either hand dug or machine dug with the ball of earth in which they are growing . Plants dug to the specifications in the following table should have the center of the stem or cluster of stems of the plant in the center of the earth ball. A tolerance of 10% of the diameter is the maximum deviation allowable. Example: For a shrub with a 20 inch rootball, the center of the plant at ground level must be within a circle 9 inches from the outer edge of the ball. 14 Table 10-Ball sizes-deciduous shrubs Height Minimum diameter ball 12 in . 8 in. 18 in. 9 in. 2 ft . 10 in . 3 ft . 12 in . 4ft. 14 in. 5 ft . 16 in . 6 ft . 18 in . 7 ft . 20 in . 8 ft. 22 in. 9 ft. 24 in. 10 ft . 26 in. If-9" 1 .. -----20" Figure 12-Example: center of plant at ground level in center of earth ball 2.3.2 Collected The minimum ball sizes shall be equal to those specified in Table 10 for the next larger nursery grown stock. For the purposes of this standard, shrubs collected from wild or native stands may be considered nurs- ery grown when they have been successfully rees- tablished in the nursery row and grown under regu- lar nursery cultural practices for a minimum of two growing seasons and have attained adequate root and top growth to indicate full recovery from trans- planting into the nursery row. 2.3.3 Plantation grown stock Plants which have been systematically planted in fertile, friable soil which is relatively free of stones and foreign matter, but where plants have had a minimum of after-care . • • The minimum ball sizes shall be equal to those specified in 2.3.1 for the next larger size nursery grown stock. 2.3.4 Ball depths For the greater part of the country ball depths will carry the following ratios: Balls with diameters less than 20 inches-depth not less than 75% of diameter. Balls with diameters of 20 inches or more-depth not less than 66 %% of the diameter. Under certain conditions, plants have root systems of proportionately less depth and greater diameter. These require a more shallow but wider ball to prop- erly encompass the roots. Conversely, in other soils and in certain regions roots develop greater depth and less spread, requiring an exceptionally deep ball which may be smaller in diameter and greater in depth than the size recommended. ---1-:~p~h 1""-.-4......1-F I . ---~ I ---t- Diameter :E Cl "Ci) I Figure 13-Measurement-balled and burlapped deciduous shrubs 2.3.5 Burlapplng Burlap or other suitable material shall completely cover the root ball. This wrapping shall be between the earth ball and the lacing or ball supporting device . ANSI Z60-1996 • Diameter less than 20 in. Depth not less than 75% of diameter or 3/4 of width Diameter 20 to 30 in. Depth not less than 66-2/3% or 2/3 of width Diameter 31 to 48 in. Depth not less than 60% or 3/5 of width. Balls with a diameter of 30 in . or more should be drum-laced Figure 14-Ball depth: diameter ratios 2.4 Container grown specifications All container grown deciduous shrubs shall be healthy, vigorous, well rooted, and established in the container in which they are growing. They shall have tops of good quality and be in a healthy grow- ing condition. A container grown shrub shall have a well-established root system reaching the sides of the container to maintain a firm ball. All container grown shrubs shall be graded by plant size (height or spread designated) and container size. The plant size shall agree with sizes specified in Section 2.4.1 of this chapter and the container sizes shall agree with the container class table on page ii of the Foreword. Plant size refers to the minimum size for each grade. Dwarf and light growing varieties may be 1 or 2 sizes smaller than standard for a given size container. 2.4.1 Sizing intervals Use 2-in. intervals up to 12 in . Use 3-in . intervals from 12 in. to 18 in. On some slow-growing plants 3-in. intervals may be used up to 24 in. Use 6-in. intervals from 18 in. up to 3 ft. On special plants 6 in. may be extended above 3 ft. 15 • • • ANSI Z60-1996 2.4.2 Types of plants Above measurement intervals apply to plant types in the following sections. 2.4.2.1 Spreading Measurement designates spread (height not con- sidered). Examples: Cotoneaster adpressa praecox Genista pilosa Salix prostrata 2.4.2.2 Semi-spreading Measurement designates spread. Spread usually is at least twice the height. Examples: Cotoneaster horizontalis apiculata Potentilla fruticosa 'Longacre' 2.4.2.3 Globe Measurement designates height. Height will usu- ally equal spread. Examples: Berberis thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy' Cotoneaster horizontalis 'Little Gem' Spiraea 'Little Princess' Hypericum calycinum Lagerstroemia indica 'Victor' 2.4.2.4 Medium upright Measurement designates height. Height will usu- ally be twice the spread. Examples: Berberis thunbergii Euonymus alata 'Compacta' Potentilla f. 'Hollandia Gold' Magnolia kobus 'Stellata' Azalea mo/le 2.4.2.5 Upright Measurement designates height. Width must be at least one-quarter of the height unless specified by height and number of canes. Examples: Magnolia soulangiana 'Alexandrina' Forsythia (tall varieties) Syringa 'Madame Lemoine ' Lagerstroemia indica 'Potomac' Azalea 'Homebush' 16 2.5 Balled and potted Balled and potted plants are field-grown nursery plants, dug with a ball of earth still intact in which they are growing, and which , in lieu of burlapping, are placed in a container to retain the ball unbroken . Ball sizes shall always be of a diameter and depth to encompass enough of the fibrous and feeding root system as necessary for the full recovery of the plant. The minimum ball size specifications for "balled and potted" plants shall be the same as for "balled and burlapped" plants (Table 10). 2.6 Processed balled A processed balled deciduous shrub is one dug bare root , while dormant , and a growing medium me- chanically is formed in a ball around the roots. The minimum ball size specifications for "Processed Balled" shrubs shall be the same as "Small Spread- ing Trees-Type 4." (See Table 7.) 2. 7 In-ground fabric bag-grown These specifications are for deciduous shrubs field grown in fabr ic bags, commonly called grow bags. Fabric bag size specifications are provided on page ii of the Foreword. The following table represents the recommended maximum height for deciduous shrubs, grown in in- ground fabric bags . Table 11-Fabric bag sizes-deciduous shrubs Maximum Minimum recommended shrub height fabric bag size 3 ft. 10 in. 4 ft . 12 in. 5 ft. 14 in. 6 ft. 16 in. 8 ft . 18 in . 10 ft . 22 in . 12 ft. 24 in . • • Section 3: Coniferous Evergreens This section applies to plants generally sold to the retail and landscape trade. For liner grades see Section 6. 3.1 General specifications For purposes of simplicity, only one size per "grade" will be listed. That size will be the minimum size allowable for that grade, and the grade shall include plants from that size up to but not including the next larger grade size. Example: Taxus media 'Brownii,' 15 inches. {This could include Taxus media 'Brownii' 15 inches in height up to but not including 18 inches and having a minimum spread of 12 inches.) Average spread Figure 15-Measurement-Types 1 and 2 coniferous evergreens ANSI Z60-1996 3.1.1 Quality definitions The quality of evergreens offered is assumed to be normal for the species or variety unless otherwise designated as: Specimen (Spec .). This designation may be used to indicate exceptionally heavy, well shaped plants and is usually applied to the larger commercial sizes and plants which have been cut back or trimmed to form a perfectly symmetrical, tightly knit plant. The letters "X," "XX," or "XXX" may be used to desig- nate the degree of heavy grades in place of using the word "specimen" (spec.). Collected (Coll.). Natural seedling plants dug from native stands or forest plantings must be so desig- nated . (Also see 3.2 .2 .) 3.1.2 Types of conifers 3.1.2.1 Type 1. Creeping or prostrate type Measurement designates spread (height not con- sidered). Use 3-in. intervals up to 18 in. Use 6-in . intervals from 18 in . to 4 ft. Use 1-ft. intervals from 4 ft. up . Measurement should be average of plant and not the greatest diameter. Plants properly trimmed and transplanted should measure the same in any di- rection . If a plant is uneven, for example, 15 inches the widest and nine inches the narrowest, it should be classified as 12-in . stock. Examples: Juniperus horizontalis cultivars Juniperus chinensis var. procumbens 3.1.2.2 Type 2. Semi-spreading type Measurement designates spread . Use 3-in. intervals up to 18 in. Use 6-in . intervals from 18 in. to 4 ft. Use I-ft. intervals from 4 ft. up . Measurement should average as in Type 1. Height will be at least one-half the spread. Above 3 feet the height will be less than the spread, varying somewhat according to natural growth of the par- ticular species and method of handling. Spread 6 in. up to 3 ft. 3 ft . 4 ft. Height Same as spread 2 1/2 to 3 112 ft. 3 to 4 ft. 17 • • • ANSI Z60-1996 Examples: Juniperus ch inensis 'Pfitzerana,' J . sabina Taxus cuspidata, T. cuspidata 'Nana ,' T. media 'Densiformis' 3.1.2.3 Type 3. Broad spreading, globe, and upright types Measurement designates height. Use 3-in. intervals up to 18 in. Use 6-in. intervals from 18 in. to 4 ft . Use I-ft. intervals from 4 ft . up . Spread will usually be equal to height in well grown material up to 12 inches. From there on there will be a variation of spread to height depending on the variety. Table 12-Type 3 coniferous evergreens Heiaht Min imum Soread 6 in . 6 in . 9 in. 9 in . 12 in . 10 in . 15 in . 12 in. 18 in. 15 in. 2 ft . 18 in. 2 1/2 ft. 21 in . 3 ft. 24 in. Many broad spreading and globe types included in this classification will have the same or greater spread as height, even in the larger sizes. Examples: Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Gracillis,' 'Nana ,' C. pisifera 'Plumosa Nana,' 'Squarrosa Minima' Juniperus squamata 'Meyeri' Juniperus virginiana 'Globosa' Picea abies 'Nidiformis' Taxus media ' Brownii ' Thuja occidentalis 'Globosa ,' 'Little Gem,' 'Hoveyi,' 'Compacta ,' 'Woodwardii,' Thuja orientalis 'Goldbush' Upright growing dwarf types may approach the mini- mum dimensions above. 18 Globe types Size based on average height E Cl ·a; .r:::. Q) g> ~ Height and spread equal __ ·_·~ ~epth Diameter E Cl ·a; .r:::. Q) Cl <ti .... Q) > <( Diameter Dwarf types Proportions of plant more than 12 in . high may vary depending on species or variety Figure 16-Measurement-Type 3 coniferous evergreens 3.1.2.4 Type 4. Cone type (pyramidal) Measurement designates height. Use 3-in. intervals up to 18 in. Use 6-in . intervals from 18 in . to 3 ft . Use 1-ft. intervals from 3 ft . to 10 ft. Use 2-ft. intervals from 1 O ft. up. The ratio of height to spread of properly grown ma- terial should not be less than 5 to 3. Table 13-Type 4 coniferous evergreens Height Maximum spread 12 in . 8 to 12 in. 15 in. 9 to 15 in. 18 in . 12 to 18 in. 2 ft . 15 to 21 in. 2 1/2 ft. 18 to 24 in . 3 ft . 21 to 30 in . 4 ft. 2 112 to 3 ft. 5 ft . 3 to 4 ft . Examples: A bi es Cedrus deodara Chamaecyparis pisifera and varieties (except dwarf types) Picea abies (conical types) Pi nus (except dwarf types) Pseudotsuga menziesii Taxus cuspidata 'Capitata' Thuja occidentalis, T. orientalis (conical types) Tsuga canadensis, T. caroliniana Ratio of height to spread should be no less than 5 to 3 . Average spread Diameter .E Ol 'Qi .c Q) Ol co Qi > <( Figure 17-Measurement-Type 4 coniferous evergreens The upper limit for determining average height for type 4 conifers is midpoint between the upper- most whorl and the tip of the leader. For trees such as cedrus deodara without whorls, average height is measured to the uppermost side growth Figure 18-Determining average height- Type 4 coniferous evergreens ANSI Z60-1996 3.1.2.5 Type 5. Broad upright type Measurement designates height. Use 3-in. intervals up to 18 in. Use 6-in. intervals from 18 in. to 3 ft. Use 1-ft. intervals from 3 ft. to 1 O ft . Use 2-ft. intervals from 10 ft . up This group includes all the broader, upright growing evergreens which develop a straight sided form with many upright branches or "leaders." The ratio of height to spread of properly grown ma- terial should not be less than 2 to 1. Table 14-Type 5 coniferous evergreens Height 12 in. 15 in. 18 in. 2 ft . 2 Y2 ft. 3 ft . 4 ft. 5 ft. Maximum spread 8 to 12 in. 9 to 15 in. 12 to 18 in . 15 to 21 in . 18 to 24 in . 21 to 30 in. 2Y2to 3 ft . 3 to 4 ft. Ratio of height to spread should be no less than 2 to 1 Figure 19-Measurement-Type 5 coniferous evergreens 19 • • • ANSI 260-1996 Examples: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Allumii ' Juniperus chinensis 'Keteleeri,' J . scopulorum Taxus media 'Hicksii,' 'Hatfieldii ' 3.1.2.6 Type 6. Columnar type Measurement designates height. Use 3-in. intervals up to 18 in. Use 6-in . intervals from 18 in. to 3 ft . Use 1-ft. intervals from 3 ft. to 1 O ft. Use 2-ft. intervals from 1 O ft. up This group includes all the upright growing ever- greens which naturally develop a straight sided form or one that tapers only slightly from the ground to a point more than half the height. The broader types will usually have a ratio of height to spread of 4 to 1. Many forms, however, will not attain this ratio, and even those of broad habit may be trimmed to advantage into a narrowed form . However, in most cases the ratio of height to spread should be less than 5 to 1. Table 15-Type 6 coniferous evergreens Height Maximum spread 12 in . 15 in. 18 in. 2 ft . 2 1/2 ft. 3 ft . 4 ft . 5 ft . 6 ft . 7 ft . 8 ft . Examples: x Cupressocyparis leylandii Cupressus sempervirens 3 to 6 in . 4 to 7 in. 5 to 8 in . 6 to 9 in. 7to 10 in. 9to 12 in. 12 to 15 in . 15to18 in. 18to21 in . 21 to 24 in . 24 to 30 in. Juniperus communis, J . virginiana (columnar type varieties) Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata' Thuja occidentalis, T. orientalis (columnar type varieties) 20 Average spread In most cases ratio of height to spread should be less than 5 to 1 Broader types usually have a ratio of 4 to 1 but others are trimmed to a narrower form Figure 20-Measurement-Type 6 coniferous evergreens 3.2 Balling and burlapping specifications Ball sizes should always be of a diameter and depth to encompass enough of the fi brous and feeding root system as necessary for the full recovery of the plant. It is recognized t hat balling of nursery grown stock can be accomplished by hand digging or by me- chanical devices especially designed for nursery conditions . The use of digging machines is an ac- ceptable nursery practice . 3.2.1 Nursery grown The following tables represent the recommended minimum ball sizes for conifers which are being grown in the nursery under favorable growing con- ditions and which have received the proper cultural treatment to develop a well branched root system . These specifications are for plants either hand dug or machine dug w ith the ball of earth in wh ich they are growing . • • Table 16-Ball sizes-Types 1-5 coniferous evergreens Spreading, Conical and broad semi-spreading upright conifers and globe or dwarf (Types 4, 5) (Types 1, 2 , 3) pread Minimum Height Minimum diam . ball diam . ball 9 in. 8 in. 12 in . 10 in. 12 in . 8 in. 18 in. 10 in. 15 in. 10 in. 2 ft. 12 in. 18 in. 10 in. 3 ft. 14 in. 2 ft. 12 in. 4 ft . 16 in. 2 112 ft. 14 in. 5 ft. 20 in. 3 ft. 16 in. 6 ft . 22 in. 3 112 ft. 18 in . 7 ft. 24 in . 4 ft. 21 in. · 8 ft. 27 in. 5 ft. 24 in. 9 ft. 30 in . 6 ft. 28 in. 10 ft. 34 in. 7 ft. 32 in . 12 ft . 34 in . 8 ft. 36 in. 14 ft. 42 in. 16 ft. 46 in . 18 ft . 50 in. Table 17-Ball sizes-Type 6 columnar coniferous evergreens Reaular arowina Raoid arowina* Height Minimum Height Minimum diameter diameter ball ball 12 in . 10 in . 12 in . 8 in. 18 in. 10 in. 2 ft . 9 in . 2 ft. 12 in. 3 ft. 9 in . 3 ft . 13 in. 3 ft . 11 in . 4 ft. 14 in . 4 ft. 12 in. 5 ft. 16 in. 5 ft. 14 in . 6 ft. 18 in. 6 ft. 16 in. 7 ft. 20 in. 8 ft. 22 in . 9 ft . 24 in . 10 ft. 27 in . 12 ft. 30 in . 14 ft . 33 in . 16 ft . 36 in . 18 ft. 40 in. *Rapid growing kinds such as : Thuja orientalis (Oriental Arborvitae), Juniperus communis 'Hibernica' (Irish Juniper). ANSI Z60-1996 It is recognized that plants having a coarse or wide- spreading root system because of natural habit of growth, soil condition, infrequent transplanting prac- tice, or plants which are moved out of season, would require a size of ball in excess of the recommended sizes. It is also recognized that special handling of certain material constitute cases where the sizes recommended may be excessive, for example, such as stock grown in pots or other containers, field plants recently planted out from containers or with smaller balls, or plants which have been frequently transplanted or root pruned. Plants dug to the specifications in the foregoing tables should have the trunk or stem of the plant in the center of the earth ball. A tolerance of 10% of the diameters is the maximum deviation allowable . Example: For a tree with a 30-inch rootball the cen- ter of the plant at ground level must be within a circle 13V2 inches from the outer edge of the ball. (\ ~13 .5"--* 3·•..k-13.5"='1 1..... 30" ~ Figure 21-Example: trunk in center of earth ball Note: Where it has been a cultural practice to shear, prune, disbud or otherwise impede the natural growth rate of this group of plants, other than by root pruning, trunk diameter shall be used to deter- mine the minimum ball size of trees . Measurement of trunk diameter shall be made within 6 inches above ground level. M i nimum ball diameters shall be those established under Section 1.3.1 "Shade Trees," Types 1 and 2. Ball depth shall also be established as in Section 1.3.4 (Ball Depths). 3.2.2 Collected The minimum ball sizes shall be equal to those specified in Tables 16 and 17 for the next larger size nursery grown stock . For the purposes of this standard, plants collected from wild or native stands may be considered nurs- ery grown when they have been successfully rees- 21 • • • ANSI Z60-1996 tablished in the nursery row and grown under regu- lar nursery cultural practices for a minimum of two growing seasons and have attained adequate root and top growth to indicate full recovery from trans- planting into the nursery row. 3.2.3 Plantation grown Plants which have been systematically planted in fertile, friable soil which is relatively free of stones and foreign matter, but where plants have had a minimum of after-care . The minimum ball sizes shall be equal to that speci- fied in Tables 16 and 17 for the next larger size nurs- ery grown stock . 3.2.4 Ball depths For the greater part of the country, ball depths will carry the following ratios: Balls with diameters less than 20 inches -depth not less than 75% of diameter. Balls with diameters of 20 inches to 30 inches in- clusive -depth not less than 66 213% of diameter. Balls with diameters of 30 inches to 48 inches in- clusive -depth not less than 60% of diameter. Balls with diameters over 48 inches will have the depth scaled down proportionately. Under certain soil and regional conditions, plants have root systems of proportionately less depth and greater diameter. These require a more shallow but wider ball to properly encompass the roots. 22 Diameter less than 20 in. Depth not less than 75% of diameter or 3/4 of width Diameter 20 to 30 in . Depth not less than 66-2/3% or 213 of width Diameter 31 to 48 in . Depth not less than 60% or 3/5 of width . Balls with a diameter of 30 in. or more should be drum-laced Figure 22-Ball depth: diameter ratios Conversely, in other soils and in certain regions roots develop greater depth and less spread, requiring an exceptionally deep ball which may be smaller in diameter and greater in depth than the size recom- mended . 3.2.5 Burlapping Burlap or other suitable material shall completely cover the root ball . This wrapping shall be between the earth ball and the lacing or ball supporting device . 3.2.6 Ball supporting devices Ball supporting devices, such as wire baskets, shall hold the ball in a firm , rigid condition. 3.3 Container grown specifications All container grown conifers shall be healthy, vigor- ous, well rooted, and established in the container in which they are growing. They shall have tops of good quality and be in a healthy growing condition. A container grown conifer shall have a well-estab- lished root system reaching the sides of the con- tainer to maintain a firm ball. All container grown conifers sold in containers shall be graded by plant size (height or spread desig- nated) and container size . The plant size shall agree with sizes specified in Section 3 .1 .2 of this chapter, and the container sizes shall agree with the con- tainer class tab le on page ii of the Foreword. Plant size refers to the minimum size for each grade. Dwarf and light growing varieties may be 1 or 2 sizes smaller than standard for a given size container. The container shall be sufficiently rigid to hold the ball shape and to protect the root mass during ship- ping. Table 18-Container sizes-Types 1-3 coniferous evergreens Height or spread Recommended minimum container size 6 in. #1 9 in. 12 in. 12 in . #2 15 in. 18 in . #3 2 ft. 18 in. #5 2 ft . 2 V2 ft . Note: Spread (Type 1, Spreading Conifers and Type 2 , Semi-spreading Conifers); Height (Type 3, Globe or Dwarf Conifers ) Table 19-Container sizes-Types 4-6 coniferous evergreens* Height or spread Recommended minimum container size 6 in. 9 in . 12 in . 15 in. 18 in. 12 in . 15 in . 18 in. 2 ft . 18 in. 2 ft. 2 112 ft . 3 ft . 2 1/2 ft . 3 ft. 3 1/2 ft. 4 ft . 4 ft. 4 112 ft. 5 ft . #1 #2 #3 #5 #7 *Except for extreme columnar types as Cupressus sempervirens (Italian cypress), which is acceptable 1 or 2 sizes taller 3.4 Balled and potted Balled and potted plants are field-grown nursery plants , dug with a ball of earth still intact in which they are growing , and which , in lieu of burlapping, are placed in a container to retain the ball unbro- ken . Ball sizes shall always be of a diameter and depth to encompass enough of the fibrous and feed- ing root system as necessary for the full recovery of the plant. The minimum ball size specification for "balled and potted" plants shall be the same as for "balled and burlapped" plants . (See Tables 16 and 17 .) 3.5 In-ground fabric bag-grown These specifications are for coniferous evergreens field grown in fabric bags, commonly called grow bags . Fabric bag size specifications are provided on page ii of the Foreword . ANSI Z60-1996 The following table represents the recommended maximum height for coniferous evergreens grown in in-ground fabric bags. Coniferous evergreens are classified into two categories -faster growing conifers that attain height more quickly in relation to caliper; and slower growing varieties that attain caliper more quickly in relation to height. Examples of rapid growing varieties include Pinus strobus, Pinus taeda , Cupressocyparis /eylandii, Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus virginiana , and Thuja orientalis. Examples of slower growing varieties include Pinus nigra , Pinus sylvestris, Pinus resinosa, Pinus cembroides, Pinus thunbergii, and Picea pungens. Table 20-Fabric bag sizes- coniferous evergreens Faster growing Slower growing Maximum Minimum Maximum Min imum he ight recommended height rec ommended fabric fabric bag size bag si ze 4 ft . 10 in . 3 ft . 10 in. 5 ft. 12 in . 4 ft. 12 in . 6 ft . 14 in . 5 ft. 14 in . 8 ft . 16 in . 6 ft . 16 in. 10 ft . 18 in. 7 ft. 18 in . 12 ft . 20 in . 8 ft . 20 in. 14 ft . 22 in . 10 ft . 22 in. 16 ft . 24 in . 12 ft . 24 in. 23 • • • ANSI 260-1996 Section 4: Broadleaf Evergreens This section applies to plants generally sold to the retail and landscape trade . For liner grades see Section 6. 4.1 General specifications For purposes of simplicity, only one size per "grade" will be listed . That size will be the minimum size allowable for that grade, and the grade shall include plants from that size up to but not including the next larger grade size. Example: /lex crenata 'Convexa,' 18 inches. (This could include /lex crenata 'Convexa' with 18-inch average spread up to but not including 24-inch av- erage spread .) 4.1.1 Quality definitions The quality of evergreens offered is assumed to be normal for the species or variety unless otherwise designated as : Collected (Coll): Natural seedling plants dug from native stands or forest plantings must be so desig- nated . (Also see 4 .2.2). 4.1.2 Types and measurement designation Measurement of height should begin at the ground line and continue to where the main part of the plant ends , not to the tip of a thin shoot. 24 Average spread Figure 23-Measurement-Type 1 broadleaf evergreens Five general types or groups are considered sepa- rately as follows: 4.1.2.1 Type 1-Spreading type Measurement des ignates spread (height not con- sidered). Use 3-in . intervals up to 18 in. Use 6-in. intervals from 18 in. to 4 ft. Use 1 ft . intervals over 4 ft . Examples: Cal/una vulgaris (and cultivars) Carissa grandiflora 'Green Carpet' Cotoneasterdammeri, C. horizontalis (and cultivars) Cytisus 'Lydia' /lex crenata 'Helleri' Mahonia nervosa, M. repens 4.1.2.2 Type 2-Semi-spreading type Measurement designates spread (height not con- sidered). Use 3-in . intervals up to 18 in . Use 6-in. intervals from 18 in. to 4 ft . Use 1-ft. interva ls over 4 ft . Examples: Berberis verruculosa Cotoneaster franchetii, C . salicifolia Daphne odora /lex crenata 'Convexa,' 'Hetzi' Leucothoe axillaris, L. fontanesiana Pieris floribunda Rhaphiolepis umbellata Rhododendron (Azalea) obtusum 'Amoenum ,' Gumpo and Kurume hybrid types Rhododendron impeditum Average spread J 1 : r·pth --~ _ L_, Diameter Figure 24-Measurement-Type 2 broadleaf evergreens 4.1.2.3 Type 3-Globe or dwarf type Measurement designates height. Use 3-in . intervals up to 18 in . Use 6-in . intervals from 18 in . to 4 ft . Use 1-ft. intervals from 4 ft. up . Spread will usually be equal to or only slightly less than the height , up to 12 inches. From there on , the spread may be less than the height , but in no case will the ratio be more than 2 to 1 or height more than twice the spread . Both dimensions may be g iven , as a good practice . Table 21-T e 3 broadleaf ever reens Height 6 in. 9 in. 12 in. 15 in . 18 in. 2 ft. Globe type Size based on average height Height and spread equal Diameter Minimum spread 5 in . 6 in. 7 in. 9 in . 10 in. 14 in. Diameter Dwarf type Proportions of plant more than 12 in . high may vary depending on species or variety Figure 25-Measurement-Type 3 broadleaf evergreens ANSI Z60-1996 Examples: Buxus microphylla (dwarf cultivars), B. sempervirens 'Suffruticosa' flex cornuta 'Rotunda ,' I. vomitoria 'Nora' Leiophyflum buxifolium 4.1.2.4 Type 4-Broad upright type Measurement designates height. Use 3-in . intervals up to 18 in . Use 6-in. intervals from 18 in. to 3 ft . Use 1-ft. intervals from 3 ft. up. This group includes all of the larger growing upright "broadleaves" which vary considerably in ratio of spread to height. Well grown material in most cases w ill have a height equal to if not greater than the spread . However, the spread should not be less than two-thirds of the height. Table 22-Type 4 broadleaf evergreens Height Minimum spread 12 in . 8 in . 15 in . 10 in . 18 in . 12 in. 2 ft. 16 in . 2 1/2 ft . 20 in. 3 ft. 24 in . 4 ft. 28 in . Examples: Abelia grandiflora Aucuba japonica (and cultivars) Azalea 'Rosebud' Berberis julianae Cytisus 'Burkwoodii ' Elaeagnus pungens Gardenia jasminoides flex cornuta (and cultivars), /. crenata 'Rotundifolia' Kalmia latifolia Ligustrum lucidum, L. japonicum (shrub forms) Mahonia aquifolium Pieris japonica Rhododendron (cultivars) Viburnum rhytidophyllum 25 ------------······ ---·----~-·---------- i .. • • • ANSI Z60-1996 Average spread Diamete r Figure 26-Measurement-Type 4 broadleaf evergreens 4.1.2.5 Type 5-Cone type Specifications identical to Type 4. This type includes all up ri ght growing broadleaf ev - ergreens which naturally develop into a conical form . Well grown material will have a height to spread ratio of 3 to 2. However, a greater spread is acceptable. Examples: Camellia japonica, C . sasanqua /lex aquifolium , I. opaca (and cultivars) /lex attenuata 'Foster No . 2' and /lex 'Nellie R. Stevens' /llic ium anisatum Prunus caroliniana, P. laurocerasus, P. /usitan ica 4.2 Balling and burlapping specifications Ball sizes should always be of a diameter and depth to encompass enough fibrous and feed- ing root system necessary for the full recovery of the plant. It is recogn ized that balling of nursery grown stock can be accomplished by hand digging or by me- chan ical devices especially designed for nursery conditions. The use of digging machines is an ac- ceptable nursery practice . 26 Average spread Diameter Figure 27-Measurement-Type 5 broadleaf evergreens 4.2.1 Nursery grown The following tab le represents the recommended minimum ball size s for broadleaf evergreens which are be ing grown in the nursery under favorable growing cond itions and which have received the proper cultural treatment to develop a well branched root system. Table 23-Ball sizes-broadleaf evergreens Spreading , semi-Cone and upright spreading , and globe b roadleaf or dwarf broadleaf evergreens evergreens (Types 4 and 5) (Types 1, 2 , and 3) Spread Min . diam . He ight Min . diam . ball ball 18 in . 10 in. 18 in. 10 in. 2 ft. 12 in . 2 ft . 12 in . 2 112 ft . 14 in . 3 ft . 14 in. 3 ft . 16 in . 4 ft . 16 in . 3 112 in. 18 in. 5 ft . 20 in. 4 ft . 21 in . 6 ft . 22 in. 7 ft . 24 in. 8 ft . 27 in. 9 ft. 30 in . 10 ft . 34 in . 12 ft . 38 in . 14 ft . 42 in. 16 ft . 46 in. 18 ft . 50 in . • • • These specifications are for plants either hand dug or machine dug with the ball of earth in which they are growing. It is recognized that plants having a coarse or wide- spreading root system because of natural habit of growth, soil condition, infrequent transplanting prac- tice, or plants which are moved out of season, would require a size of ball in excess of the recommended sizes. It is also recognized that special handling of certain material constitute cases where the sizes recommended may be excessive, for example, stock grown in pots or other containers, field plants recently planted out from containers or with smaller balls, or material which has been frequently trans- planted or root pruned. · Plants dug to the specifications in the foregoing table should have the trunk or stem of the plant in the center of the earth ball. A tolerance of 10% of the diameter is the maximum deviation allowable. Example: For a tree with a 30-inch rootball, the cen- ter of the plant at ground level must be within a circle 13 1 /2 inches from the outer edge of the ball. (\ ri--13 .5"--* 3" .!+-13 5" --:i 1..-30" Figure 28-Example: trunk in center of earth ball 4.2.2 Collected The minimum ball sizes shall be equal to that speci- fied in Table 23 for the next larger size nursery grown stock. For the purposes of this standard, plants collected from wild or native stands may be considered nurs- ery grown when they have been successfully rees- tablished in the nursery row and grown under regu- lar nursery cultural practices for a minimum of two growing seasons and have attained adequate root and top growth to indicate full recovery from trans- planting into the nursery row . ANSI Z60-1996 4.2.3 Plantation grown Plants which have been systematically planted in fertile, friable soil which is relatively free of stones and foreign matter, but where plants have had a minimum of after-care. The minimum ball sizes shall be equal to that speci- fied in Table 23 for the next larger size nursery grown stock. 4.2.4 Ball depths For the greater part of the country, ball depths will carry the following ratios : Balls with diameters less than 20 inches -depth not less than 75% of d iameter. Balls with diameters of 20 inches to 30 inches in- clusive -depth not less than 66 %% of diameter. Balls with diameters of 30 inches to 48 inches in- clusive -depth not less than 60% of diameter. Balls with diameters 48 inches and over will have the depth scaled down proportionately. Under certain soil and reg ional conditions, plants have root systems of proportionately less depth and greater diameter. These require a more shallow but wider ball to properly encompass the roots . Conversely, in other soils and in certain regions roots develop greater depth and less spread, requiring an exceptionally deep ball which may be smaller in diameter and greater in depth than the size recom- mended . • Diameter less than 20 in. Depth not less than 75% of diameter or 3/4 of width Diameter 20 to 30 in . Depth not less than 66-2/3% or 2/3 of width Diameter 31 to 48 in . Depth not less than 60% or 3/5 of width . Balls with a diameter of 30 in . or more should be drum-laced Figure 29-Ball depth: diameter ratios 27 • • • ANSI Z60-1996 4.2.5 Burlapping Burlap or other suitable material shall completely cover the root ball. This wrapping shall be between the earth ball and the lacing or ball supporting device. 4.2.6 Ball supporting devices Ball supporting devices, such as wire baskets , shall hold the ball in a firm, rigid condition. 4.3 Container grown specifications All container grown broadleaf evergreens shall be healthy, vigorous, well rooted, and established in the container in which they are growing . They shall have tops of good quality and be in a healthy grow- ing condition. A container grown broadleaf ever- green shall have a well-established root system reaching the sides of the container to maintain a firm ball. All container grown broadleaf evergreens sold in containers shall be graded by plant size (height or spread designated) and container size . The plant size shall agree with sizes specified in Section 4.1 .2 of this chapter, and the container size shall agree with the container class table on page ii of the Fore- word. Plant size refers to the minimum size for each grade. Dwarf and light growing varieties may be 1 or 2 sizes smaller than standard for a given size con- tainer. The container shall be sufficiently rigid to hold the ball shape and to protect the root mass during ship- ping . 28 Table 24-Container sizes-Types 1-3 broadleaf evergreens Height or spread Recommended minimum container size 6 in. #1 9 in. 12 in. 12 in. #2 15 in. 15 in. #3 18 in . 2 ft. 18 in. #5 2 ft. 2112 ft. 3 ft . Note: Spread (Type 1, Spreading and Type 2, Semi-spreading; Height (Type 3 , Dwarf or Globe) Table 25-Container sizes-Types 4 and 5 broadleaf evergreens* Height Recommended minimum container size 6 in. #1 9 in. 12 in. 15 in. 18 in. 12 in. #2 15 in. 18 in. 2 ft. 15 in. #3 18 in. 2 ft. 18 in . #5 2 ft. 2112 ft. 3 ft . *Except for extreme columnar types as Prunus laurocerasus (Cherry Laurel) and Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese Privet), which are acceptable 1 or 2 sizes taller than standard for a given container . • • 4.4 Balled and potted Balled and potted plants are field-grown nursery plants, dug with a ball of earth still intact in which they are growing, and which, in lieu of burlapping, are placed in a container to retain the ball unbroken . Ball sizes shall always be of a diameter and depth to encompass enough of the fibrous and feeding root system as necessary for the full recovery of the plant. The minimum ball size specification for "balled and potted" plants shall be the same as for "balled and burlapped" plants. (See Table 23.) 4.5 In-ground fabric bag-grown These specifications are for broadleaf evergreens field grown in fabric bags , commonly called grow bags. Fabric bag size specifications are provided on page ii of the Foreword . ANSI Z60-1996 The following table represents the recommended maximum plant height for cone-type and broad up- right-type broadleaf evergreens grown in in-ground fabric bags. Table 26-Fabric bag sizes-Types 4 and 5 broadleaf evergreens Maximum Minimum recommended plant height fabric bag size 3 ft. 10 in. 4 ft. 12 in . 5 ft . 14 in. 6 ft. 16 in. 8 ft. 18 in. 9 ft. 20 in. 10 ft . 22 in. 12 ft. 24 in . 29 I • • • .. ANSI 260-1996 Section 5: Rose Grades 5.1 General garden rose The standards specified apply only to field-grown garden roses when sold bare root, or individually wrapped and packaged, or in cartons. All grades of roses must have a well-developed root system and have proportionate weight and caliper according to grade and variety. Roses shall be graded by number and caliper of canes. Rose bushes that do not meet these standards for the individual grades are defined as CULLS . The grade-sizes for each classification are minimum sizes and not more than 10% of the rose plants in any bundle shall be below the size specified. As used in the grade-sizes below, "strong cane" means a cane that is healthy, vigorous, and fully developed so that it is hardened-off throughout. The caliper of the cane is measured not higher than 4 inches (1 O cm) from the bud union . Finished ship- ping length not less than 6 inches {15 .0 cm) . 5.2 Hybrid tea, tea, grandiflora, rugosa hybrids, hybrid perpetuals, moss, and climbing roses Grade No. 1-At least three strong canes 5As inch (0.8 cm) in caliper and up , branched not higherthan 3 inches (8 cm) from the bud union . Grade No. 1 %-At least two strong canes , 5As inch (0.8 cm) in caliper and up, branched not higher than 3 inches (8 cm) from the bud union. Grade No. 2-At least two canes , one of which shall be a strong cane , 5/1s inch (0 .8 cm) in caliper and up . The second shall be % inch (0 .6 cm) in caliper, branched not higher than 3 inches (8 cm) from the bud union. Note: Although Floribunda roses are included in the above grade standard, it should be noted that Flori- bunda roses in this group will normally result in the marketing of rose bushes which are , on the aver- age , lighter for this class. Polyantha, Shrub , Land - scape , and low growing Floribunda roses may be graded per Section 5.3 . 30 -~---_.......--........-----·---·----·----,...,_ .......... -------~--~-- 1 .!: ~-·-- __ l~!l ""-.. No. 2 Note : field height shown. Figure 30-Hybrid tea, tea, grandiflora, etc., roses Note : Field height shown . See text for light-growing sorts . Branched not higher than 3 in. above bud union. c '<:t C\J Figure 31-Floribunda roses No . 1-1/2 No. 2 Note : field height shown. Figure 32-Climbing roses • ,5,3 Polyantha, shrub, landscape, and low growing floribunda roses Grade No. 1-At least three (strong) canes 114 inch (0 .6 cm) in caliper and up, branched not higher than 3 inches (8 cm) from the bud union. Grade No. 1 %-At least two (strong) canes , 114 inch (0 .6 cm) in caliper and up , branched not higher than 3 inches (8 cm ) from the bud union. Grade No. 2-At least two canes, one of which shall be a (strong) cane, 114 inch (0.6 cm) in caliper and up. Branches more than 3 in . above bud union do not count as canes . No . 1 No . 1-1/2 Note : field height shown . Figure 33-Polyantha roses 5.4 Field grown miniatures (minimum standards) 5.4.1 Large Grower No.2 Grade No. 1-At least 2 canes , one of which shall be Y4 inch (0.6 cm) in diameter and the other %2 inch (0.7 cm) in diameter or 5 canes , one of which is 114 inch (0 .6 cm) in diameter and 4 smaller healthy canes. Grade No. 2-At least 2 canes , one of wh ich is 114 inch (0.6 cm) in diameter plus 1 healthy cane. 5.4.2 Small Grower Grade No. 1-At least two canes %2 inch (0.7 cm) in diameter or 5 small healthy canes . Grade No. 2-2 healthy canes . ANSI Z60-1996 5.4.3 Root System Grade No.1-5 inches (13 cm) or more in length, spaced 50% or more around the shank in a bal- anced fashion . Grade No. 2-3 to 5 inches (8-13 cm) in length spaced 50% or more around the shank in a bal- anced fashion. 5.5 Tree roses 5.5.1 Standard tree rose 36" (91 cm) Grade No. 1-Height 36 inches (91 cm) or more . Standard cane size measured at 3 inches (8 cm) below the bud union , must be at least 7/1s inch (11 mm) in diameter. Bud development (head) must have at least two bud eyes and must be well branched in a balanced fashion as defined under sections 5.2 , 5.3 , and 5.4. Standard cane shall be upright and straight. Grade No. 1%-Height 36 in ches (91 cm) or more. Standard cane size measured at 3 inches (8 cm) below the bud union, must be at least 7/16 inch (11 mm) in diameter. Bud development (head) must have at least two bud eyes and must be well branched in a balanced fash ion as defined under the sections 5.2, 5.3 , and 5.4 with 70 % or more head development. Standard cane shall be upright and stra ight. Grade No. 2-Sub Standard-All Tree Roses not meeting the No . 1 or No. 1 % grades described above are defined as Sub Standard . 5.5.2 Patio tree rose 18 inches (50 cm) Grade No. 1-Height at least 18 inches (50 cm) or more not to exceed 36 inches (91 cm). Standard size measured at 3 inches (8 cm) below the bud union , must be at least 3/e inches (10 mm) in diam- eter. Bud development (head) must have at least two bud eyes and must be well branched in a bal- anced fashion as defined under sections 5.2 , 5.3, and 5.4. Standard cane size shall be upright and straight. Grade No. 2-Sub Standard-All Patio Tree Roses not meeting The No . 1 Grade Are Defined As Sub Standard . 31 • • • I ' ' ANSI Z6~ 1996 5.5.3 Mini-tree rose-(Miniature Varieties) Grade No.1-Height at least 12 inches (30 cm) or more not to exceed 18 inches (46 cm). Standard size measured at 3 inches (8 cm) below the bud union, must be at least 5/1s inches (8.0 mm) in diam- eter. Bud development (head) must have at least two bud eyes and must be well branched in a bal- anced fashion as defined under sections 5.2 , 5.3, and 5.4. Standard cane size shall be upright and straight. Grade No. 2-Sub Standard-All Mini-Tree Roses not meeting the No. 1 Grade are defined as Sub Standard. 5.6 Container grown roses All container grown roses shall have been growing in the container in which they are marketed for a 36in. 90cm. Standard tree rose '. i. ~' I 18 in . SO cm. minimum of one month of the active growing sea- son and for a maximum of two growing seasons. Roses may be cut back to a minimum of 4 inches (10 cm) above the bud union at the time they are potted and shall comply with the grades in which they are classified prior to pruning in preparation for potting. All container grown roses should be sold by both rose grade as specified above and by minimum plant container size as specified below. Container sizes shall agree with the container class table on page ii of the Foreword. Rose grade No. 1 Grade No. 11/2 Grade No. 2 Grade Patio tree rose Minimum container size #2 Container #1 Container #1 Container Mini-tree rose Figure 34-Tree roses 32 • ·Section 6: Young Plants 6.1 General specifications This section is to cover young plants, seedlings, ground covers, vines, and lining out stock. For understock plants generally graded by caliper, see Section 9 . 6.1.1 Quality definition The quality of all young plants offered is assumed to be normal for the species or variety unless other- wise designated. 6.1.2 Designation Types C =Cutting U = Unrooted cutting G =Grafted L =Layered S =Seedling M = Micropropagated or tissue cultured D =Division Cultural R = Root pruned P = Pot or container grown T =Transplanted (one per time) B =Bed grown 0 = Not transplanted Coll . = Plants collected from the wild must be so designated. Age = Sum of numbers following above codes . Examples: C1 T2 (3-year plant, 1 year cutting bench and trans- planted 2 years in nursery row). S2T1 T1 (4-year plant, 2 years in seedling bed, trans- planted twice, one year each transplanting). G1 R1 (2-year graft, root pruned after first year). M1T1 (2-year plant, 1 year in micropropagation, 1 year transplanted). 6.1.2.1 Unrooted cuttings Unrooted cuttings shall be from vigorous healthy plants. They are to be graded by stem caliper, taken at the base of the cutting, and length . ANSI Z60-1996 6.1.2.2 Micropropagated plants (In vitro and ex vitro) In vitro Micropropagated plants in vitro shall be graded by length. They also may be designated as stage II. If plants are sold from stage II, they need to be des- ignated rooted or unrooted. Ex vitro After rooted, they shall be graded under the Young Plants standards. 6.1.3 Pruning Tops or roots will not be pruned unless specified by grower or requested by purchaser. 6.2 Method of measurement Height measurement is from the ground level to the growing tips. Spread is the average diameter of the top growth. Age is not important when height or caliper is speci- fied; however, it may be used in listings or demanded by purchaser. 6.3 Sizing intervals 6.3.1 Slow grower (dwarf and semi-dwarf) Use 2-in. intervals up to 12 in . Use 3-in. intervals from 12 in . up. Examples: Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpureum 'Crimson Pygmy' Picea abies 'Pygmaea' Sedum Baptisia australis 6.3.2 Medium grower Use in 3-in. intervals. Examples: Rhododendron mo/le (Azalea mollis) Prunus laurocerasus 'Zabeliana' Hedera helix Achil/ea x 'Coronation Gold' 33 • • • ' ' ANSI Z60-1996 6.3.3 Fast grower Use 6-in . intervals . Examples: Acer rubrum Betula pendula Cytisus 'Burkwoodii ' Forsythia Pin us (except dwarf type) Rudbeckia 'Goldstrum' 6.4 Types of plants This section can be used to reference the above measurement intervals to the type of plant in sec- tions below. 6.4.1 Type 1-no stems Measurement designates fullness , spread , root de- velopment , and/o r container size. Examples: Ajuga reptans Festuca ovina var. glauca Sagina subulata Sedum Miscanthus sinensis 6.4.2 Type 2-single stem 6.4.2.1 Spreading Measurement designates spread (height not con - sidered). Examples: Ceanothus gloriosus Cotoneaster dammeri Erica carnea Juniperus horizontalis 'Wiltonii' Mahonia nervosa Thymus 6.4.2.2 Semi-spreading Measurement designates height. He ight will usu- ally equal spread . Examples: /lex crenata 'Helleri,' Juniperus chinensis 'Pfitzerana ,' Aquilegia, Lavandula 6.4.2.3 Globe Measurement designates height. Examples: Berberis thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy,' Deutzia gracilis, Thuja occidentalis 'Li ttle Gem .' Teucrium 34 6.4.2.4 Medium upright Measurement designates height. Height will usu- ally be twice the spread. Examples: /lex crenata 'Rotundifolia,' Pieris japon ica , Rhododendron (Kurume hybrid) 'Hinodegiri,' Chrysanthemum 6.4.2.5 Upright Measurement may be designated by either height or age . Examples: Acer palmatum, Betula papyrifera, Ma- honia aquifolium, Myrica ca/ifornica, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Achillea, Anemone 6.4.3 Type 3-Stoloniferous Measurement designates fullness or number of stolons . Examples: Gaultheria procumbens, Pachysandra term inalis, Vinca minor, Houttuynia cordata 6.4.4 Type 4-Rhizomatous, tuberous or fibrous roots Measurement designates number of eyes and con- tainer size . Plants graded by number of eye divisions . Examples: Peonies, Bleeding Heart, Cannas, Dahlias, Hosta 6.4.5 Type 5-Fans Plants graded by fan (st em) numbers and container size when appropriate . Examples: Daylily, Iris 6.4.6 Type 6-Bulbs, corms Refer to Section 11 . 6.4 .7 Type 7-Vining Measurement designates lengths and/or numbers runners , and/or container size . Examples: Clematis, Hedera helix, Parthenocissus tricuspidata 'Ve itchii .' Vi tis , Wisteria 6.4.8 Conifer plantation and reforestation plants Con ifer liners for Christmas tree plantation and re- forestation uses are graded only by height unless caliper is also specified . When caliper is specified it is by millimeter intervals : 1 mm , 2 mm, 3 mm , 4 mm , 6mm. • • 6.5 Unclassified Any young plant not meeting above specifications should be labeled "Unclassified." 6.6 Container grown 6.6.1 Specifications (includes both plug and pot grown young plants) All container grown young plants shall be healthy, vigorous, well rooted, and established in the con- tainer in which they are growing. They shall have tops of good quality and be in a healthy growing condition. A container grown young plant shall have a well-established root system reaching the sides of the container to maintain a firm ball. -m!!!!!!~~-· _,..,.,.............,._ ____ --· ...... ANSI 260-1996 All container grown young plants sold in containers shall be graded by plant size (height or spread des- ignated) and container size . Container sizes shall agree with the container class table on page ii of the Foreword. Plant size refers to the minimum size for each grade. 6.6.1.1 Plug specifications Plug tray is defined as a continuous sheet with plug cells that are non-detachable. Give plug cell num- ber per tray of plants in cell and cell size . Examples: 72-1-9/io" x 2-3/15" cells 200-1" x 1-W cells 648-7/is" x W cells 35 • • • I . :.. ANSI Z60-1996 Section 7: Fruit Tree Grades 7.1 General specifications This section is to cover fruit tree grades. 7.1.1 Quality definition The quality of fruit tree grades is assumed to be normal for the species or variety unless otherwise designated. All trees should have reasonably straight trunks according to habit of growth. 7.1.2 Designation Types C =Cutting U = Unrooted cutting G =Grafted L =Layered S =Seedling M = Micropropagated or tissue cultured D =Division Cultural R = Root pruned P = Pot or container grown T =Transplanted (one per time) B =Bed grown 0 = Not transplanted 7.1.2.1 Unrooted cuttings Unrooted cuttings shall be from vigorous growth and may be graded by caliper and length. Examples: Apples, plums, cherries 7 .1.2.2 Micropropagated plants (in vitro and ex vitro) In vitro Micropropagated plants in vitro shall be graded by length . They also may be designated as stage II. If plants are sold from stage II, they need to be des- ignated rooted or unrooted. Ex vitro After rooted, they shall be graded under section 6, Young Plants standards . 36 ----·--·-·-------~ . .,...,... ....... ~~--~~,--.- 7.2 Method of measurement 7.2.1 Deciduous For purposes of simplicity, only one size per "grade" will be listed. That size will be the minimum size allowable for that "grade" and shall include plants from that size up to, but not including, the next larger grade size. Example: Apple, "Jonathan," standard %-inch cali- per. (This could include "Jonathan" apple on stan- dard rootstock calipering at least %-inches, caliper being taken at point indicated below). 7.2.2 General All grades 5/1e-inch and larger should be branched, except one-year Sweet Cherry, and well rooted. The %-inch, %-inch, and 1-inch sizes should have three or more side branches. Caliper should be taken from the collar. The caliper shall govern. The height is intended to represent average height of most varieties. Slow growing kinds may fall short of height specified . Age may be given as one year, two years, etc. It is recognized that "high budding" may be prac- ticed in the nursery to allow for deep planting for tree anchorage, trunk hardiness, etc . In all cases, however, caliper and height shall be established from trunk positions mentioned above. Exceptions: The following height-caliper relation- ship shall not be deemed applicable in the case of varieties categorized as genetic mutants . Each of these varieties shall be sized according to varietal characteristics. Example: 'Bonanza' dwarf peach 'Sunburst' dwarf nectarine ANSI Z60-1996 Table 27-Height/caliper relationship for standard Apple, Sweet Cherry, Peach, Almond, Nectarine, Pear, Apricot, Prune, and Plum (one and two years) Caliper Height Inches Metric Feet Metric 114 in. 0.6cm 2 ft . 60cm 5/is in. 0.8 cm 2 112 ft. 80 cm 3/a in. 1.0cm 3 ft. 90cm V2 in. 1.5 cm 3 V2 ft. 1.00 m %in. 1.6 cm 4 ft . 1.25 m %in. 2.0cm 5 ft. 1.50 m 7/a in. 2.2cm 5 112 ft . 1.65 m 1 in. and up 2.5 cm and up 6 ft. 1.80 m Table 28-Height/caliper relationship for standard Sour-Cherry and Dwarf Peach, Pear, Nectarine, Apricot, Prune, and Plum (on clonal rootstock only) Inches 114 in. 5/is in. 3/a in. V2 in. %in. %in. 7/ain. 1 in . and up Caliper Height Metric Feet 0 .6cm 2 ft. 0.8cm 2 112 ft. 1.0 cm 3 ft. 1.5 cm 3 112 ft . 1.6 cm 4 ft. 2 .0cm 4 V2 ft. 2.2cm 4 V2ft. 2 .5 cm and up 5 ft. Table 29-Height/caliper relationship for Dwarf Apple (including clonal rootstock and interstem trees) ....... _______ ............ ..._,.,.._~··-·· ·····--·-·. Metric 60cm 80cm 90cm 1.00 m 1.25 m 1.40 m 1.40 m 1.50 m • • • I .. ' ANSI Z60-1996 7 .2.3 Processed balled A processed balled fruit tree is one dug bare root, while dormant, and a growing medium mechanically is formed in a ball around the roots. The minimum ball size specifications for "processed balled" standard and dwarf fruit trees are presented in the following table. Table 30-Ball sizes-processed balled fruit trees Caliper Minimum diameter ball 114 in. 8 in. 5As in. 8 in. 3/e in. 10 in. V2 in . 10 in . %in. 10 in. %i n. 12 in. 1 in. and up 12 in. 7.2.4 Fruit seedlings 7.2.4.1 Caliper measurement For fruit tree understock grading sizes, see Section 9.3.3 . 7.2.4.2 Special specification In case of seedlings with limbs, there shall be at least 2 inches (5 cm) above the collar free of limbs for a minimum of one-half of the circumference of the seedling . In case of Apple and Pear seedlings , where the root description is given as branched or straight, the fol- lowing shall apply: Branched Root Not less than three root branches must be present within 5 inches (12.5 cm) from the collar. Straight Root The root shall carry the minimum caliper of the grade for not less than 6 inches (15 cm) below the collar. 7.2.4.3 Vegetatively propagated/ micropropagated fruit stock In the case of fru it understock grown from "C," "L" or "M" (see Section 7 .1.2), the caliper shall be taken on the original cutting or layer at a point 10 inches (25 cm) above the collar . 38 -----~~-----~- 7.2.4.3.1 Special specification (root system) All forms of vegetatively propagated fruit rootstocks shall have a minimum of four rootlets on each cut- ting or layer. Examples: Malling Merton Nos . 111 , 106, M-7 A, M-9 , M-26 , M-27 Apple, Prunus 'Mariana,' and Pru nus cerasifera ( P. myrobalana). Exception: Any rootstocks not meeting the above specifications for root systems shall be labeled as "unclassified" grade and the minimum numbers of rootlets specified. 7.2.5 Citrus Citrus stocks are to be graded in Va-inch increments, beginning with %-inch minimum caliper up to the %-inch size. Recognized grades above %-inch size shall be in increments of 1/4-inch. Age is to be given in years. Caliper is to be taken 1/2-inch (1.5 cm) above the bud union . Minimum size to be 3/e-inch (1 cm), except that Tangerine, Mandarin , or Lime trees may be sold in 5/is-inch (8 cm) caliper. 7.3 Container grown All container grown fruit trees shall be healthy, vig- orous , well rooted, and established in the container in which they are growing. They shall have tops of good quality (leaf color appropriate for cultivar and no apparent injury) and be in a healthy growing con- dition. A container grown fruit tree shall have a well- established root system reaching the sides of the container to maintain a firm ball. All container grown fruit trees sold in containers shall be graded by plant s ize (height or spread desig- nated), or caliper and container size. Container sizes shall agree with the container class table on page ii of the Foreword. 7.4 Size classification of mature trees The following tables indicate approved marketing nomenclature for specific rootstocks, interstems and rootstock/scion combinations . All sales literature and size claims should be based on these tables . Miniature/ Genetic very dwarf dwarf M.27 P.22 Geneva.65 M.27=Malling 27 P.22=Polish 22 M.7=Malling 7 Miniature/ Genetic very dwarf dwarf Table 31-Apple rootstocks/interstems Dwarf Dwarf interstems M.9/MM .111 M.9 M.9/MM .1 06 Bud.9 Bud.9/MM .111 P.2 Bud .9/MM.106 MARK C-6/Seedlinq M.26 M.9 Seedlinq OH .3 M.26 Seedlinq Geneva .11 CG .30/Seedling CG .65/Seedlina M.9=Malling 9 Bud .9=Budagovsky 9 C-6=Clark Dwarf Series Spur-type cultivars nn ~A 7 CG.11 CG .65 Semi-Dwarf M.7 MM.106 Geneva .30 Spur-type cultivars on apple seedlina CG .30 P.2=Polish 2 MARK=Mac 9 M.26=Malling 26 Table 32-Pear rootstocks Dwarf interstems Dwarf Semi-Dwarf (interstem/rootstock) EMLA OHxF333 Quince C OHxF69q OHxF51 Province Quince EMLA Quince A ANSI Z60-1996 Semi-Standard standard MM .111 Domestic Seedling Ott.3=0ttawa 3 CG=Cornell Geneva MM.106=Malling-Merton 106 Semi-Standard standard OHxF217 OHxF97 Barlett Pyrus Seedling betulaefolia Calleryana Pyrus Seedling ussuriensis 39 ANSI Z60-1996 Table 33-Peach, Nectarine, and Almond rootstocks I • Very Dwarf (lnterstem/ Dwarf Semi-Semi-Standard dwarf rootstock) dwarf standard Cultivars that are Pru nus Nemagard Other peach genetically less besseyi seedling seedlings than 50% of Pru nus Peach x standard size, tomentosa Almond regardless of EMLA St. seedlings rootstock Julian A Stark (R) Red leaf Peach Citation Table 34-Plum and Apricot rootstocks Miniature/ Genetic Dwarf interstems Dwarf Semi-Dwarf Semi-Standard very dwarf dwarf (interstem/rootstock) standard Pixy St. Julian A Peach Myrobalan seedling seedling • Stark (R) Redleaf Apricot Peach seedling Citation Mariana 2624 Myrobalan 29C Table 35-Cherry rootstocks Miniature/ Genetic Dwarf interstems Dwarf Semi-Dwarf Semi-Standard very dwarf dwarf (interstem rootstock) standard 6 .M61/1 G .M .79 Mahaleb Mazza rd seedling seedling Colt • 40 ·• ·Section 8: Small Fruits 8.1 General specifications This section is to cover small fruits . 8.1.1 Quality definitions The quality of small fruits is assumed to be normal for the species or variety unless otherwise desig- nated . All small fruit plants must be well rooted. No in- jured, stunted , or odd shaped plants shall be in- cluded in any grade. 8.1.2 Designation ~ C =Cutting U = Unrooted cutting G =Grafted L =Layered S =Seedling M = Micropropagated or tissue cultured D =Division Cultural R = Root pruned P = Pot or container grown T =Transplanted (one per time) B =Bed grown 0 = Not transplanted 8.1.2.1 Unrooted cuttings Unrooted cuttings shall be from vigorous growth and may be graded by caliper and length. Examples: Gooseberries , currants, blueberries . 8.1.2.2 Micropropagated plants (In vitro and ex vitro) In vitro Micropropagated plants in vitro shall be graded by length . They also may be designated as stage II. If plants are sold from stage 11 , they need to be des- ignated rooted or unrooted. Ex vitro After rooted, they shall be graded under section 6 , Young Plants standards. ----~~,.._....,_.,_,....._~------·-·----·- ANSI Z60-1996 8.2 Method of measurement 8.2.1 Raspberries 8.2.1.1 Sucker and root cutting plants Grade No. 1-Sucker and root cutting plants, also tip plants , should be graded 3/ie inch and up in cali- per at collar; sucker plants should have 10 inches or more of live top; tip plants, 8 inches or more live tops; and well rooted with at least one cross root below crown, i.e ., "L" or ''T" root(s). Grade No. 2-Sucker and root cutting plants, also tip plants , Ya inch and up caliper at collar; sucker and root cutting plants to have 8 inches or more of live top ; tip plants, 6 inches or more of live tops, and all proportionately well rooted. 8.2.2 Transplanted raspberries Grade No. 1-All transplanted raspberries shou ld caliper 1/4 inch and up at collar and have 12 inches or more of live top , and be well rooted . Grade No. 2-Number two must ca li per 3/ie inch and up with 12 inches or more of live top , and be well rooted with at least one cross root below crown , i.e ., "L" or 'T ' root(s). 8.2.3 Dewberries, blackberries , boysenberries, youngberries 8.2.3.1 Root cuttings Grade No . 1-Root cuttings should caliper 1/a inch and sucker plants should calipe r o/ie inch and up at collar and have 12 inches or more of live top , and be well rooted. Grade No. 2-Root cuttings should caliper %2 inch and up and sucker plants should caliper 1/a inch and up at collar and have 8 inches or more of live top , and be proportionately well rooted. 8.2.4 Transplanted blackberries Grade No. 1-Should caliper 1/4 inch and up at col- lar and have 12 inches or more of live top , and be well rooted. 8.2.5 Currants Grade 2 Yr. No. 1-Shall measure 12 inches and up in height, with two or more branches , and be well rooted . Grade 1 Yr. No.1-Shall measure 9 inches and up in he ight ; if single-cane plants , to be 12 inches high , and be well rooted . 41 I • I. I • • ANSI 260-1996 Grade 2 Yr. No. 2-Same specifications as 1 Yr. No. 1. 8.2.6 Blueberries All measurements to indicate overall height of plant from crown to tip of plants . All well branched in proportion to height. For purposes of simplicity, only one size per "grade" will be listed . That size will be the minimum size allowable for that "grade" and shall include plants from that size up to, but not includ- ing, the next larger grade size . 1-year Rooted Cuttings ...... 3 in. 2-year .................... 9 in. 3-year ................... 12 in. 4-year ................... 18 in . 8.2.7 Gooseberries Grade 2 Yr. No. 1-Shall measure 12 inches and up in height, with three or more canes, or equiva- lent side branches, and be well rooted . Grade 1 Yr. No. 1-Shall measure 8 inches and up in height, with two or more branches, or equivalent side branches, and be well rooted. Grade 2 Yr. No. 2-Same specifications as 1 Yr . No . 1 8.2.8 Grape vines Grading of grape vines is based mainly on root sys- tem. Grade 2 Yr. No. 1-The lightest growing varieties should have 12 inches or more of live top; stronger growing varieties should be proportionately larger and all well rooted . Grade 1 Yr. No. 1-Lightest growers should have 6 inches or more of live top; stronger growers should be proportionately larger and all be well rooted. Grade 2 Yr. No. 2-Same specifications as 1 Yr. No. 1 8.2.9 Strawberry plants Minimum Grade-There shall be at least 1 o main roots, not less than 3 inches long, and a minimum crown diameter of o/is inch measured at the base. 42 8.2.10 Asparagus crowns 1 Yr. No. 1-Shall not weigh less than 60 pounds per one thousand (1000) plant. Fifty percent of the root system shall exceed 5 inches in length. 2 Yr. No. 1-Shall not weigh less than 120 pounds per 1000 plants. Fifty percent of the root system shall exceed 7 inches in length. 2 Yr. No. 2-Shall not weigh less than 60 pounds per 1000 plants. Fifty percent of the root system shall exceed 5 inches in length. 3 and 4 Yr. No. 1-Shall not weigh less than 200 pounds per 1000 plants . Fifty percent of the root system shall exceed 10 inches in length. 8.3 Container grown All container grown small fruits shall be healthy, vig- orous , well rooted, and established in the container in which they are growing. They shall have tops of good quality (leaf color appropriate for cultivar and no apparent injury) and be in a healthy growing con- dition. A container grown small fruit plant shall have a well-established root system reaching the sides of the container to maintain a firm ball. All container grown small fruits sold in containers shall be graded by plant size (height or spread des- ignated) or caliper, and container size. Container sizes shall agree with the conta iner class table on page ii of the Foreword. li n main roots not less than 3 inches long Figure 35-Strawberries-minimum requirements • • • Section 9: Understock 9.1 General specifications This section is to cover plants (primarily shade , flow- ering , fruit, and nut trees) graded by caliper gener- ally used for grafting and budding. (For plants graded by height, see Section 6.) 9.1.1 Quality definition The quality of all understock offered is assumed to be normal for the species or variety unless other- wise designated. It is essential that the stem be reasonably straight. Tops or roots may be trimmed as specified by grower or requested by purchaser. Evergreens should be transplanted frequently enough to create a good root system . In order to produce a fibrous root system , species such as firs , pines , and similar sorts , wh ich normally make a few coarse roots , should be transplanted every two years , and species such as Arborvitae should be transplanted every three years, as they naturally make better roots. Broad-leaved evergreen species such as Pyracan- tha coccinea 'Lalandei,' which normally make a few coarse roots, should be transplanted every year, while those producing a good system of fibrous roots may be transplanted every second year. 9.1.2 Designation Types C =Cutting U = Unrooted cutting L =Layered S =Seedli ng M = Micropropagated or tissue cultured D =Division Cultural R = Root pruned P = Pot or container grown T =Transplanted (one per time) B =Bed grown 0 = Not transplanted ANSI Z60-1996 9.1.2.1 Unrooted cuttings Unrooted cuttings shall be from vigorous growth and may be graded by caliper, taken at the base of the cutting , and length . 9.2 Method of measurement Caliper shall be taken at the collar or ground line unless height is specified by purchaser, who must indicate if he or she wants height only or height and caliper. Age is not important when caliper is specified; how- ever, it may be requested by purchaser. 9.2.1 Measurement designation V1sin. (1.5 mm) Va in . (3 mm) 3A sin . (5 mm) % in . (7 mm) % in . (10 mm) V2 in . (1 .5 cm %in . (1 .6 cm) %in . (2 cm) 1 in. (2.5 cm) 9.3 Types of plants 9.3.1 Fruit and nut seedlings-seed- propagated stock Exception: 3/winch "straight'' of Apple seedlings shall be graded from 3/1s-inch (5.0 mm) up to but not including %-inch (1.0 cm) caliper. 9.3.1.1 Seedlings with limbs There will be no limbs on one side of the seedling for at least 2 inches above the collar to ensure a budding or grafting area. 9.3.1.2 Root descriptions In case of Apple and Pear seedlings , where the root description is given as branched or straight , the fol- lowing shall apply: Branched root Not less than three root branches must be present with 5 inches (13 cm) . 43 ... I ie I I I ANSI Z60-1996 Straight root The root shall carry the minimum cali- per of the grade for not less than 6 inches (15 cm) from the collar. 9.3.2 Vegetatively propagated plants 9.3.2.1 From layering Stem caliper shall be taken 1 O inches above the bottom of the layer (basal cut). Roots-a minimum of 3 root nodes, each node con- taining at least 1 root. 9.3.2.2. Hardwood cuttings On original hardwood cuttings, caliper is taken at the top of the cutting . On cuttings with new growth above the original hard- wood cutting, caliper and length are taken two inches up on the new growth . 9.3.2.3 Softwood cuttings Caliper shall be taken at the collar or ground line . 9.3.2.4 Micropropagated plants (in vitro and ex vitro) In vitro M icropropagated plants in vitro shall be graded by length. They also may be designated as stage II. If plants are sold from stage II , they need to be des- ignated rooted or unrooted. Ex vitro After rooted , they shall be graded under the Young Plants standards . 9.3.3 Unclassified Any rootstocks not meeting the above specifications should be labeled "unclassified ." 9.4 Evergreen lining out stock- recommendations Evergreens should be transplanted frequently enough to create a good root system , which will ensure a minimum of transplanting loss, and to give the top room enough to start the branch framework properly, making a well-shaped specimen when placed in the nursery row. In order to produce a fibrous root system , species such as Abies, Pinus, and similar sorts , which nor- 44 mally make a few coarse roots, should be trans- planted every two to three years , and species such as Arborvitae and Chamaecyparis should be trans- planted every three to four years , as they naturally make better roots. Broad leaved evergreen species such as Pyracan- tha coccinea 'Lalandei ,' which normally make a few coarse roots, should be transplanted every year, while those producing a good system of fibrous roots may be transplanted every second year only. Trimming is also necessary to ensure a proper foun- dation for a good shape in the finished plant, al- though frequent transplanting will usually avoid the necessity of severe trimming. 9.5 Shade and flowering tree seedlings Caliper shall be taken at the collar or ground line and grades shall correspond to the following cali- pers: 1.A s in. %2 in. 1/s in . 3/1s in . 9.6 Container grown 1/4 in. %in. All container grown understock shall be healthy, vig- orous , well rooted, and established in the container in which they are growing . They shall have tops of good quality (leaf color appropriate for cultivar and no apparent injury) and be in a healthy growing con- d ition. Container grown understock shall be con- tainerized a sufficient time so as to have a well-es- tablished root system reaching the sides of the con- tainer to maintain a firm ball. All container grown understock sold in containers shall be graded by caliper (except micropropagated plants , see section 9 .3.2.4), and container size. Container sizes shall agree with the container class table on page ii of the Foreword . • • • Section 10: Seedling Trees and Shrubs 10.1 General specifications This section is to cover plants used for forest , game refuge , erosion control, shelterbelt, or farm woodlot plantings. For general listing, see Young Plants, Section 6. 10.1.1. Quality definition The quality of all seedling trees and shrubs is as- sumed to be normal for the species or variety un- less otherwise designated . All plants are to have developed root systems, to be free of insects and diseases as well as mechanical injuries, and in all respects to be suitable for field planting. All coni- fers must have dormant buds (except in the South) and secondary needles. At the option of the purchaser, other special restric- tions may be specified . Tops or roots will not be trimmed unless specified by grower or requested by purchaser . 10.1.2. Designation Types C =Cutting U = Unrooted cutting G =Grafted L =Layered S =Seedling M = Micropropagated or tissue cultured D =Division Cultural R = Root pruned P = Pot or container grown T =Transplanted (one per time) B =Bed grown 0 = Not transplanted Coll. = Plants collected from the wild must be so designated . Age = Sum of numbers following above codes . Example: S2T1T1 (4-year plant , 2 years in seed - ling bed , transplanted twice , one year each trans- planting) . ANSI 260-1996 10.2 Method of measurement Age is not important when height or caliper is speci- fied; however, it may be used in listings or demanded by purchaser. When caliper is important, measurements are taken at root collar or ground line. 10.2.1. Deciduous or hardwood When heights are to govern , the caliper specifica- tion is minimum, and when caliper is to govern, the height specification is minimum. Table 36-Minimum heights and root lengths for seedling calipers Caliper Min. Height Min. Root Length 1A s in. 3 in . 4 in . 3/32 in. 3 in. 5 in. Vs in. 6 in. 6 in. 3A s in. 12 in. 8 in . 114 in . 18 in . 10 in . 3/s in . 24 in. 12 in . Table 37-Minimum calipers for seediing heights* and root lengths He ight Min . Caliper Min . Root Length 3 in. 1As in . 4 in . 6 in. V16in. 4 in. 12 in . 3/32 in . 5 in. 18 in. Vs in . 6 in. 2 ft. 3As in. 8 in. 3 ft . V4 in. 10 in . 4 ft . 3/s in . 10 in . 5 ft. 7/1sin. 12 in. *Suggested for commercial nurseries furnishing or purchasing stock for the retail trade , and still comply with demands for calipered stock. 45 • I 1• I . I 1. ANSI Z60-1996 10.2.2 Coniferous evergreens For coniferous evergreens, height shall govern . 46 Table 38-Coniferous evergreen seedlings Height 6 in. 9 in. 12 in. Min. Caliper 1As in. Va in. 3/lsin. 10.3. Container grown All container grown seedling trees and shrubs shall be healthy, vigorous, well rooted, and established in the container in which they are growing. They shall have tops of good quality and be in a healthy growing condition. A container grown young plant shall be in that container a sufficient time that fi- brous roots are formed so the shape will remain and the medium will hold together when removed from the container. All container growing seedling trees and shrubs sold in containers shall be graded by plant size or caliper, and container size. Container sizes shall agree with the container class table on page ii of the Foreword. • • Section 11: Bulbs, Corms, and Tubers 11.1 General Bulbs and corms are generally sold under grade names such as forcing size, top-size, large, etc. In the case of narcissus and daffodils, the designa- tions of "double nose," to indicate a split bulb, and "round" are used. With some groups, such as hyacinths, the grade names indicate usage; for example, exhibition and forcing sizes and sizes more suitable for outdoor bedding purposes. At the grower and wholesale levels, where more precise size information is imperative, actual size in inches or centimeters has been standard in the trade. With the need for international uniformity, size designations in most instances will be expressed in centimeters in circumference . In some instances this type of measurement is not feasible (daffodils, peo- nies, caladiums, etc.), and other criteria are used. 11.2 Tulips Designated by centimeters or inches of circumfer- ence. Top Large Medium Small 11.3 Hyacinths 12 cm. and up 11 cm. 10cm. 9 cm. (4% in. and up) (4 112 in .) (4 in.) (3 1/2 in .) Designated by centimeters or inches of circumfer- ence. Top forcing 19 cm. and up (7112 in. and up) Large forcing 18 cm. (7 in.) Medium forcing 17 cm. (6 % in .) Top bedding 16 cm. (6 3/a in.) Large bedding 15 cm . (6 in.) Medium bedding14 cm. (5 1/2 in .) 11.4 Muscari (grape hyacinths) Designated by centimeters or inches of circumfer- ence. Top Large Medium 9 cm. and up 8 cm . ?cm . (31/2 in. and up) (3 in.) (2 % in.) ANSI Z60-1996 11.5 Crocus Designated by centimeters or inches of circumfer- ence . Top Large Medium Small 9 cm. and up 8 cm. ?cm. 6cm. 11.6 Narcissus and daffodils (31/2 in.) (3 in.) (2 % in .) (2 112 in.) Narcissus bulbs are designated either as "double nose" (DN) or "round" (RN). Double nose means that bulbs show evidence of producing two or more flowers. Due to double character of bulb, circumfer- ence measurements cannot be used . Size desig- nation of DN bulbs is determined by the number of bulbs required to fill a basket of 50 liters (500 cm3). Some cultivars tend to be larger or smaller than the average ("E.H . Krelage," "Magnificence," "Fortune," "Sempre Avanti," etc.). The following are the aver- ages for DN bulbs and some of the exceptions. (Size) Top Large Med. DN I DN II DN 111 Trumpet 200 275 375 'E.H. Krelage ' 175 250 350 'Magnificence' 250 325 450 Large Cup 200 275 375 'Fortune' 225 300 400 'Sempre Avanti' 175 250 350 Small Cup 300 400 550 'Barret Browning' 200 275 375 'Verger' 275 350 450 Tazetta 275 350 475 'Geranium' 250 325 450 Poeticus 400 550 700 'Actea' 275 350 475 Double 300 400 550 'Cheerfulness' 275 350 475 'Texas ' 250 325 450 'White Sail' 400 550 700 Round means single-nosed bulbs which are fairly circular in cross-section. While size may vary from the norm for certain culti- vars, generally the sizes are: RD I Top 14 cm. and up (5 1/2 in. and up) ADii Large 12cm. (4%in .) RD Ill Medium 10 cm . (4 in.) 47 I • ' ANSI Z60-1996 11. 7 Narcissus-paper white A type of bulb normally much smaller than other types of narcissus. Designated by centimeters or inches of circumfer- ence. Top Large Medium Small 11.8 Gladiolus 16 cm . and up 15 cm. 14 cm. 12cm. (63/a in. and up) (6 in .) (5 % in .) (4% in.) Designated by centimeters or inches of circumfer- ence . Jumbo Large No. 1 No. 2 14 cm . and up 12 cm. 10cm. Medium No. 3 8 cm. No . 4 6 cm. Small No. 5 4 cm. No. 6 3 cm. No Grade Name No.7 Under3cm. 11.9 Amaryllis (5 112 in. and up) (4% in .) (4 in .) (3 in .) (2% in.) (1 1/2 in.) (1 114 in.) (Under 11/4 in .) Designated by centimeters or inches of circumfer- ence. Jumbo Exhibition Fancy Large Medium Small 11.10 Lilies 36 cm. and up 32cm. 30cm. 26 cm. 22 cm . 20cm. (14 1/4 in. and up) (12 % in .) (12 in.) (101/4 in.) (8 % in.) (8 in.) Designated by centimeters or inches of circumfer- ence. Various species of lilies produce different size bulbs. These generally fall into two groups: the large bulb species such as 'Regal' and 'Easter'; and the smaller bulb species such as 'Tigrinum,' 'Umbellatum ,' and 'Midcentury.' Large Bulb Species Smaller Bulb Species 24 cm . (9 % in.) 18 cm. (7 in. and up) 22 cm . (8% in.) 16 cm . (63/s in.) 20 cm. (8 in .) 14 cm . (5112 in.) 18cm. (7 1/ein.) 12cm. (4%in.) 16 cm . (63/s in .) 10 cm . (4 in .) 48 11.11 Caladlums Designated by centimeters or inches of diameter. Giant 8 cm . and up (3 in . and up) Large 6 cm . (21/2 in.) Standard 5 cm . (2 in .) Medium 4 cm . (11/2 in.) Small 2 cm . (% in .) 11.12 Tuberous begonias and gloxinias Designated by centimeters or inches of diameter. Giant 6 cm. and up (.21/2 in . and up) Extra large 5 cm. (2 in.) Large 4 cm. (1 % in .) Medium 3 cm. (1 % in .) Small 2 cm. (%in.) 11.13 Tuberoses, callas , and other miscellaneous bulbs 11.13.1 Tuberoses Designated by centimeters or inches of diameter. Top First 19 cm. and up 8 cm . 11.13.2 Callas (4 in. and up) (3 in.) Designated by centimeters or inches of diameter. Top Large Medium Small 19 cm. and up 5 cm. 4 cm. 3 cm. 11.13.3 Ranunculus (7% in. and up) (2 in.) (1 % in.) (1 % in.) Designated by centimeters or inches of diameter. Giant 8 cm. (3 in . and up) Extra large 7 cm . (2% in.) Large 6 cm . (2 % in.) Medium 5 cm . (2 in.) Small 4 cm . (1 % in .) 11.13.4 Freesias Designated by centimeters or inches of diameter. Extra large 7 cm. (2% in . and up) Large 6 cm. (2% in.) Medium 5 cm . (2 in .) Small 4 cm . (1 1/2 in.) • • 11.13.5 Anenomes Designated by centimeters or inches of diameter. Extra large 7 cm. (2% in. and up) Large 6 cm. (2% in.) Medium 5 cm. (2 in .) Small 4 cm. (1 % in.) 11.14 Peonies and bleeding hearts Number of "eyes" or "buds" per division to be indi- cated. Select Standard Small 11.15 Cannas 5-7 "eye" divisions 3-5 "eye" divisions 2-3 "eye" divisions Number of "eyes" or "buds" per root to be indicated. Any root with less than 2 "eyes" should not be of- fered to the public, but may be suitable for growing on in the nursery, or for potting or bedding purposes. ANSI Z60-1996 11.16 Dahlias Due to nature of divisions from different varieties, no size designations can be listed. Each division must have a portion of live crown and at least 1 "eye" or "bud." 11.17 Dutch iris Designated by centimeters or inches in circumfer- ence . For large bulb varieties such as 'Wedgewood,' 'Ideal,' 'Prof. Blaauw,' and 'Blue Magic': Top 10 cm. and up (4 in. and up) Large 9 cm. (31/2 in. ) Medium 8 cm. (3 in.) For smaller bulb varieties such as 'Excelsior,' 'White Van Vliet,' 'lmperator,' 'Golden Harvest,' 'H .C. Van Vliet,' and 'White Perfection': Top Large Medium 8 cm. and up 7cm. 6cm . (3 in . and up) (2% in.) (2% in.) 49 • I • I 1 ! I I ~ ANSI Z60-1996 Section 12: Perennial Plants 12.1 General specifications This section applies to perennial plants as sold among wholesale grower, rewholesaler, retailer and landscaper. For young plant (liner) standards for perennials not included in 12.2 below, see Section 6, Young Plants. Herbaceous perennial plants should be specified by type based on the form in which they are mar- keted. Propagation methods should be designated. 12.1.1 Types (form in which marketed): Container-grown-grown to a specified size in a container. Bare root-free or substantially free of any soil or growing media. Field-potted-field-grown plants which are potted for delivery as they are dug from the field. 12.1.2 Propagation method designations The following codes should be used to designate propagation methods. D =division S =seedling C =cutting G =grafted L =layered M = micropropagated or tissue cultured Coll. = Individual plants collected directly from the wild or collected from the wild and grown on in a nursery. 12.1.3 Container specifications All container grown perennial plants shall be healthy, vigorous, well rooted, and established in the con- tainer in which they are growing. A container grown perennial plant shall have a well-established root system reaching the sides of the container to main- tain a firm root ball. All container grown perennial plants covered in 12.2 below, and sold in containers, shall be graded by plant size (as described in 12.2) and container size (see the container class table on page ii of the Fore- 50 word). Plant size refers to the minimum size for a grade. All other container grown perennial plants should be sold by container size. 12.2 Standards for certain perennial plants Due to differing rhizomatous, tuberous or other growth habits, plant type-specific standards are used for these perennials. Container sizes indicated are recommended minimums for the listed plant size. 12.2.1 Astllbe 1. 1-2 eye division: #SP4 containers 2. 2-3 eye division: #SP5 container 3. 3-5 eye division: #1 container 4. 5 eye and larger: #2 container 12.2.2 O/centra-Bleeding Heart 1. 1-2 eye division: #SP4 containers 2. 2-3 eye division: #SP5 container 3. 3-5 eye division: #1 container 4. 5 eye and larger: #2 container 12.2.3 Hosta ssp.-Funkia Divisions: a. Liner (1-eye) for growing-on purposes: #SP4 container b. 1 eye , heavy grade (well rooted): #SP5 container c. 1-2 eye, heavy grade: #1 container 12.2.4 Paeon/a-Peony 1. 2-3 eye division: #SP5 container 2. 3-5 eye division: #1 container 3. 5 eye and up: #2 container All eyes counted must be flowering eyes, or large nonflowering eyes on heavy roots. Small "eye" buds shall not be counted. 12.2.5 Hemerocal//s-Daylily Divisions: a. 1-fan (stem) division for growing-on purposes (liner): #SP4 container b. 1-fan (stem) division, blooming size: #SP5 con- tainer c. 1 or 2 fan (stem) division, heavy root system: #SPS container Fan (stem) divisions of dwarf and miniature Daylil- ies are usually smaller than normal, while those of tetraploid Daylilies are generally larger. • 12.2.6 Iris 1. Iris ensata (Japanese Iris) and Iris sibirica (Sibe- rian Iris): a. Liner-small 1-fan (stem) division for growing-on purposes: #SP3 container b. 1-2 fan (stem) division (at least 1 fan blooming size): #SP4 container c. 2-3 fan (stem) heavy blooming size div- ision: #1 container 1-2 Eye division 3-5 Eye division ANSI Z60-1996 2. Bearded Iris-Dwarf, intermediate, and tall clas- sifications: a. Liner-non-blooming size rhizome for growing purposes: #SP3 container b. Large blooming size rhizome : #SP4 container 12.2. 7 Papaver orientate-Oriental Poppy 1. Seedling or cutting: #SP4 container 2. Liners (bare root, field grown): #SP5 container 3. Heavy one-year plant (bare root, field-grown): #SP5 container 2-3 Eye division 5 Eye and up Figure 37: Examples of typical grades for Astilbe, Dicentra, Hosta, and Paeonia (Paeonia shown) 51 ANSI Z60-1996 • 52 1-Fan liner 1-2 Fan d ivis ion (heavy) 1-Fan division (blooming size) Figure 38-Examples of typical grades for Hemerocallis and Iris (Hemerocal/is shown) • • Section 13: Christmas Tree Standards The standard herewith shall conform to the stan- dards promulgated by the Un ited States Department of Ag ri culture , effective April 1 , 1973, and as there- after may be revised. These standards are based on the factors of density, taper, balance , foliage , and deformities and are classified as U.S . Premium , U .S. No. 1 or U.S. Choice , U.S. No. 2 or U .S. Standard , and Culls. Copies of these standards are available from the Fresh Products Branch , Fruit and Veg - etable Quality Division , Food Safety and Quality Service , U .S . Department of Agriculture , Washing- ton, DC 20250 . ANSI Z60-1996 53 • I I I ANSI Z60-1996 Appendix A: Glossary BALLED & BURLAPPED (B & B). Plants estab- lished in the ground wh ich have been prepared for transplanting by digging so that the soil immediately around the roots remains undisturbed . The ball of earth containing the roots of the plant is then bound up in burlap or similar mesh fabrics . BALLED AND POTTED (B & P). Plants dug with a ball of earth and placed in a container in lieu of burlapping. BARE -ROOT (B.R.). Harvested plants from which the soil or growing medium has been removed. BRANCH . An outgrowing shoot, stem or twig that grows from the main stem or trunk. CALIPER . In the landscape or nursery trade, this is the diameter of a tree , measured at a point 6 inches above the ground line if the resulting mea- surement is no more than 4 inches. If the resulting measurement is more than 4 inches, the measure- ment is made at a point 12 inches above the ground line . This in contrast to the method used to mea- sure caliper in the timber industry, which is to make the measurement at a point 4 1/2 feet above the ground line, or the "diameter breast height'' (DBH). CANE. A primary stem which starts from the ground at a point not higher than 1/4 the height of the plant. COLLAR. The line of junction between the root of a plant and its stem or trunk . COLLECTED PLANT. A plant that has been gath- ered from the wild or taken from an established land- scape planting ; not grown in a nursery. CONTAINER. A flat, pot , tub, etc., usually made of plastic, wood, ceramic, or metal, used to grow or hold one or more plants and which generally pre- vents the growth of roots beyond its side walls or bottom . (See "Grow Bag," below). CONTAINER GROWN PLANT. A plant grown and marketed in a container (See also "Pot in Pot.") CROWN. The portion of a tree comprised of the branches . EYE. A dormant bud on a corm, tuber, or root divi- sion from which a stem will develop when the corm or tuber is planted. 54 FAN. Descriptive term for the growth habit of cer- tain perennial plants, such as Iris and Hemeroca/- lis , which have no vertical stem because the leaves originate from the rhizome. FIELD POTTED . See Balled and Potted. GRADE. A grade is a classification unit based on a specific size or size range, number of stems or canes , etc. For the purposes of this Standard , grade is not intended to describe quality. GROW BAG. Also called in-ground fabric bags. An in-ground fabric bag is a porous bag into which liner plants are placed for growing on to landscape size. Root growth through the bag is restricted, resulting in a compact, fibrous root ball within the bag . For purposes of the American Standard for Nursery Stock, these are not containers . GROWTH HABIT. The mode or rate of growth , general shape , mature size , and branching struc- ture of a plant, including the changes which take place seasonally during its life cycle (e.g ., decidu- ous , flowering, fruiting , etc.). HEIGHT. Unless otherwise specified, the vertical distance between the collar and the top of the stem , measured in the plant's natural position . Techniques for proper measurement are determined by the par- ticular growth habit of the plant, and may not al- ways extend to the tip of the stem. MEDIUM . A mixture of two or more ingredients such as soi l, peat moss, perlite, ground bark , etc., in which a con tainer plant has been grown . NURSERY STOCK. Plants grown in or obtained from a nursery. PLUG . A cylinder of medium in which a plant is grown . The term is generally used to describe seed- lings and rooted cuttings which have been removed from the container but with the medium held intact by the roots. POT IN POT. A method of container-grown nurs- ery production whereby a container is placed into another larger container which has been placed in or on the ground, surrounded by soil or mulching material, to aid in weed control and fertilization pro- cesses , ma intain a more constant media tempera- ture, and prevent the plant from being blown over by winds . PROCESSED BALLED PLANT. A plant dug bare root , while dormant, to which a moist growing me- dium is added around the roots to form a ball de- signed to sustain plant growth. ROOT BALL. The intact ball of earth or growing medium containing the roots of a nursery plant. ROOT PRUNING. The systematic pruning of roots of nursery plants growing in the field, in order to stimulate branching of roots and the production of fibrous roots. SPREAD. A term used to indicate the horizontal width of a shrub or the crown of a tree. Techniques for proper measurement are determined by the particu- lar growth habit of the plant , and may not always be the maximum distance between any two branch tips . ANSI ZS0-1996 UNDERSTOCK, OR ROOTSTOCK. The term used to describe that part of a plant, including the collar and roots, on which another variety has been bud- ded or grafted. TRUNK. That portion of a stem or stems of a tree before branching occurs. WHIP. A young tree without branches. In some species and grades, spurs may be present. WHORL. The arrangement of three or more buds, leaves, flowers, or twigs at the same node . 55 ~· I \ I .. ANSI Z60-1996 Appendix 8: Metric Equivalents The following table was prepared in cooperation with the Canadian Nursery Trades Association to assist in nursery trade between the U.S. and Canada as well as with other countries using metric. The following "rounded metric equivalents" are suggested for use in sizing nursery plants: United States: Metric Equivalents For plants sized by height or spread For plants sized by caliper U.S. measure Metric measure U.S. measure Metric measure 4 in. 10cm. 1As in. 1.5 mm . 6 in. 15 cm. 3/:i2 in. 2.5mm . 7.5 in. 19cm. Va in. 3.0mm. 8 in . 20cm. 3/1s in. 5.0mm. 9 in. 23cm. 1/.i in. 6.0mm. 10 in. 25cm. %2 in. 7.0mm . 12 in. 30cm. 5.As in. 8.0mm . 15 in. 40cm. 3/a in . 9.0mm. 18 in. 46cm. 7.As in. 10.0 mm. 21 in. 53cm. %in. 12 .0 mm. 2 ft. 61 cm. 9.As in. 14.0 mm. 2.5 ft. 76cm. %in. 16.0 mm. 3 ft . 90cm. 11A s in . 18.0 mm. 3.5 ft . 1.07 m. %in. 20 .0 mm . 4ft. 1.22 m. 7la in. 22.0 mm . 4.5 ft. 1.37 m. 1 in. 25.0 mm . 5 ft. 1.52 m. 1V4 in. 30.0 mm. 5.5 ft. 1.68 m. 1%in. 40.0 mm. 6 ft. 1.73 m. 1% in. 45.0 mm. 7 ft. 2.13 m. 2 in. 50.0 mm. 8 ft. 2.44 m. 2%in. 60.0 mm. 9 ft. 2.74m. 3 in. 80.0 mm . 10 ft . 3 .05 m. 3%in. 90.0 mm . 12 ft . 3 .66m. 4 in . 100.0 mm . 14 ft. 4 .27m. 4V2 in. 110.0 mm . 16 ft. 4.88m. 5 in. 130.0 mm. 18 ft. 5.49 m. 5%in. 140.0 mm. 20 ft. 6.10m. 6 in. 150.0 mm. 7 in. 180.0 mm. 8 in. 200.0 mm . 56 i .) Appendix C: Recommendation Form (not a part of the approved American National Standard) Recommendation to HORTICULTURAL STANDARDS COMMITTEE American Association of Nurserymen 1250 I Street, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20005 Phone: 2021789-2900 Fax: 2021789-1893 Name _____________________ ~ Date: Firm, organization, or subcommittee: Address: Phone : Fax: E-mail: Section/Paragraph( s): Subject/Problem : I recommend that: ANSI Z60-1996 Note: Copy this form-do not remove this page from the book. All recommendations must be in writing . Be concise but complete . Reference all appropriate page and paragraph numbers (American Standard for Nursery Stock, 1996 edition) unless your recommendation is for a new section. State the problem and provide a possible solution, and provide references to any resources which the Committee should review in making its determination regarding your recommendation. Attach additional pages . You will receive a written response. THIS SECTION FOR AAN USE ONLY Received on ------------ Presented to Committee on Passed on------------- By ------------------ Response sent on __ _ Rejected on -------------- Subject for further study ---------------------------- Notes: 57